class syllabus
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] lzIf0f of]hgf
!_ ljifok|j]z M
@))^ ;fndf :yflkt g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] qmflGtsf/L r]tgfnfO{ bx|f];Fu kqmFb} ;+zf]wgjfb, gj;+zf]wgjfb, blIf0fkGyL lj;h{gjfb / pu|jfdkGyL b':;fx;jfbL wf/fx¿af6 d'Qm /x]/ g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;xL dfu{bz{g ug{ g]skfsf] k'gu{7gsf] k|of; cf/De ePsf] xf] tfklg lj;h{gjfbL k|j[lQnfO{ kl/Tofu ug{ rfxg] o; kf6L{sf g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] 7"nf lx:;f cfˆgf ylst, ulnt pkef]QmfjfbL ;+:sf/n] u|:t :jfyL{ / df}sfk/:t lk5nUu' sfo{stf{x¿sf] x'n b]vfpFb} qmdzM blIf0fkGyL ef;df wl;+b} hfgyfn] kl5 ;Rrf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6x¿n] ljrf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+a4{g ub{} qmflGtsf] sfo{ef/ k"/f ug{] P]ltxfl;s bfloTj cfˆgf sfFwdf lng' clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . xfd|f ;fd' dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb dfcf]ljrf/wf/f÷jfbdf ljZjf; ug{] ljv08gsf] l;sf/ ePsf ;a} ;;fgf kf6L{x¿nfO{ klg ;':ki6 ljrf/sf cfwf/df k'gu{l7t u/]/ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] qmflGtsf/L r]tgfnfO{ lglb{i6 lbzf lb+b} dfn]df ljrf/÷jfbsf cfnf]sdf qmflGt ;DkGg ug{] bfloTj klg xfd|f sfFw cfPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ b[9tfk"j{s ;zQm g]t[Tj k|bfg ug{ PsLs[t g]skfsf] k'glg{df{0f ub{} ;Ifd, Odfgbf/, sd{7, l;4fGtlgi6 sfo{stf{sf] ;dy{ / cg'ejL Odfgbf/ g]tfsf] vfFrf] v8lsPsf] 5 . To;sf cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{sf nflu s]xL dlxgf cl3 dfq s]xL kf6L{x¿sf lar Pstf k|lqmof k"/f ePsf] / cu'N6f] 7f];] dfq cfuf] aNg] hgljZjf;nfO{ cjnDag ub{} g]skfn] OdfGbf/ sfo{stf{ tyf >lds ls;fg dhb"/ / zf]lift kLl8t g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ kf6L{sf] l;4fGt, gLlt, of]hgf / lg0f{ox¿sf] k|lzIf0f lbP/ ;ªul7t / Jofks ;xefuL u/fpg / k'gu{l7t kf6L{ kªlQnfO{ dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s ¿kn] ;lqmo ug{ lgDg kf6L{ lzIf0f of]hgf tof/ kf/]sf] 5 .
@_ kf6L{ lzIf0fsf] ljifoj:t' M
jt{dfgdf kf6L{ lzIf0fsf lgldQ lgDg ljifox¿ lgwf{l/t ul/Psf 5g M
k|lzIf0fsf] lzlj/ ;~rfngsf] cjlw;d]tsf cfwf/df k|lzIf0fsf ljifonfO{ lgDg a'Fbfdf v08Ls/0f u/L kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f kfl/t u/L lgDgfg';f/ tof/ ePsf] dflgg]5 M
s_ cled'vLs/0f M
k|lzIf0fsf] cfjZostf M k|ydtM k|lzIfs, k|lzIffyL{ / kf6L{ sfo{stf{sf ¿kdf xfd|f] bfloTj jf sfo{qmdsf] kl/ro u/fpg] .
v_ kf6L{sf] dfu{bz{s l;4fGt M
c_ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb, cf_ P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb, O_ j}1flgs ;fDojfb kl/ro, O{_ /fhgLlts cy{zf:q, jt{dfg ljZj cy{tGqsf k|j[lQ / ;dfhjfbL cy{tGq;DaGwL ljifo;d]t, p_ ;}4flGts ljsf;sf ;ª3if{do ;f]kfgx¿– cflbd o'ub]lv ef}ltsjfbsf ljleGg ¿k / cfw'lgs sfndf k]l/; sDo'g, dfS;{ / Pªu]N;, n]lgg, dfcf], cS6'a/ qmflGt, lrlgofF hgjfbL qmflGt / ltgLx¿sf k[ys ljrf/x¿, xf] lr ldGx+, lkm8]n Sof:6f], r] Uj]jf/f, lsd On ;'ªsf cg'ej / l;4fGt;d]t .
#_ sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng M
s_ ljZjsDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] P]ltxfl;s l;+xfjnf]sg M g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] cf/De, ljsf; / jt{dfg k|j[lQsf] ljj]rgfTds cWoog -g]skf k'gu{7gsf] k|of;;d]t_ .
$_ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL cWoog M
cf/Deb]lv ju{x¿sf] -jt{dfg rl/qsf] kl/ro;d]t ;fdflhs, cfly{s, hftLo / ;f+:s[lts agf}6;d]t v'Ng] u/L_ cWoog .
%_ ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts ju{;ª3if{ / d'lQm;ª3if{;d]t ;a} /fhgLlts zlQmx¿sf] cj:yf M cGt/f{li6«o / /fli6«o -g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df ljleGg ju{sf] e"ldsf M sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf ;ªul7t 36sx¿ / ;a} /fhgLlts zlQmx¿;Fu xfd|f] kf6L{sf] ;DaGw_
^_ xfd|f] kf6L{– /fhgLlt M -3f]if0ffkq, ;Dd]ng tyf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlts lg0f{ox¿ / ltgsf] JofVof ljZn]if0f_
&_ ;ª7gfTds :j¿k / Jojxf/ M
cGo s'/f ;a} j}olQms cg'zf;g / l;h{gzLntf, kf6L{ljwfg / To;sf] b[9 cg';/0f, sld6L lgdf{0f / ;~rfng ljlw tyf ljljw ;DaGwx¿ -dflyNnf] / tNnf] lgsfo, ;dsIfL lgsfo, sld6L ;b:ox¿, kf6L{ sld6L / hgjuL{o ;ªu7gx¿sf lar_ ;DaGw k|:6ofpg] .
*_ sfo{z}nL M
kf6L{sf] sfo{z}nL, sfo{stf{x¿sf] Jojxf/ / hLjgz}nL -sDo'lgi6sf cfwf/e"t tyf jt{dfg cfjZostfåf/f ck]lIft u'0f :jefjnfO{ k|ltlalDat ug{] z}nL / ;+:sf/sf s'/f;d]t_ .
(_ hgcfGbf]ngsf] p7fg, ljsf; / ;~rfngaf/] M
k|rf/sf] ljifo, ljlw, cg'zf;g, cfGbf]ng p7fgsf o'lQm, cfGbf]ngsf] u7g, ;dfkg / ;dLIff tyf gofF prfOsf] cfGbf]ngsf] tof/L h:tf ljifo hg;dIf k|:t'ltaf/] . hgtflar kf6L{nfO{ nf]slk|o agfpg] pkfosf ;fy} lgDglnlvt ;DaGwx¿af/] klg k|:6 x'g] / k|:6ofpg] . hgtf / ltgsf zq'x¿lar, hgtf / kf6L{lar, kf6L{ / hgtfsf zq'lar, kf6L{ / hgg]tf -kf6L{ sfo{stf{_ / kf6L{lar, k|ultzLn ;flxTo / ljZjsf cu|0fL ljrf/sx¿sf hLjgLaf/] .
!)_ cfjZos cWoog M
s_ k|ultzLn ;flxTosf] cWoog .
v_ ;j{xf/f qmflGt / hgd'lQm cfGbf]ngsf cu|0fL ljrf/s / g]tfxsf] hLjgL .
!!_ jt{dfg /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt / kf6L{sf tfhf lg0f{ox¿ tyf kf6L{ sfo{stf{x¿sf] e"ldsf M
#= k|lzIffyL{sf] tx M
s_ ljlzi6 tx M l;4fGt / Jojxf/sf] lg/Gt/ cWoog u/L clwstd 1fgsf cfwf/df j}rfl/s ljifox¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug{], ljrf/ lgdf{0fsf pRr:t/df /x]/ g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgaf{x ug{] / k|lzIf0fsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmdx¿df k|;ªu cg';f/ cu''jfO ug{] x'Fbf l;ªu} s]Gb|Lo ;ldltnfO{ o; txdf ;dfj]z ul/G5 . o;sf lgldQ 5'§} cf}krfl/s k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/g]5}g . t/ pRr txsf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g], lg0f{o cg';f/ k|lzIfs eO{ sfd ug{], ;a} txsf lglDg lglb{i6 kf7ok':ts, cGo ljljw kf7o ;fdu|L / k|lzIf0f l6kf]6x¿sf] cWoog dgg u/L ltgsf cfwf/df k|lzIf0fsf ;a} ljifosf cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{], lzIff pk;ldltnfO{ pknAw u/fpg], jif{]gL sDtLdf @ j6f ;}4flGts n]v kf6L{ d'vkqdf k|sflzt u/fpg], cfˆgf txsf lgldQ lgwf{l/t zf:qLo tyf ;d;fdlos ljlzi6 ljifosf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] cWoog u/L k|ToIf e]63f6, cf}krfl/s cj;/, kqfrf/ cflb dfWodåf/f :s'lnª pk;ldlt;Fu j}rfl/s 5nkmn, ax;df ;xefuL eO{ lgisif{ lgsfNgdf ;xof]u lbg] lng] h:tf sfo{x¿ o; txsf] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf clgjfo{ cªu x'g]5g .
eljiodf lgoldt kf6L{ :s"nsf] :yfkgf ePkl5 eg] ;f]xL :s'n;DaGwL Joj:yfcg';f/ ljleGg txdf clgjfo{ ;xeflutf / lgwf{l/t 5gf]6 ljlwcg';f/ k|lzIffyL{x¿sf] k|j]z, cWoog, d"Nofªsg cflb k|lqmofx¿ nfu" x'g]5g .
v_ pRrtx M o;df s]Gb|Lo pk;ldltsf ;b:ox¿, s]Gb|Lo ;ªu7sx¿, k|fb]lzs Ao'/f], If]qLo Ao'/f]sf dgf]lgt ;b:ox¿, lhNnf ;ldltsf ;lrjx¿, hgjuL{o ;ªu7gsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf, pkfWoIf / ;lrjx¿ / s]Gb|Lo ˆ|ofS;gx¿ /xg]5g . o; txsf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf ;b:o, s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/x¿ ;d]t a'Fbf !! -!_ df pNn]v ePcg';f/sf] ;xeflutf /xg]5 . o; txsf k|lzIf0fsf] cfof]hgf s]Gb|Lo :s'lnª ljefun] / sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yfksLo k|aGw s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] ug{]5 .
u_ dfWolds tx M o; txsf k|lzIf0f lzlj/x¿df lhNnf ;ldltsf pk;lrj nufot ;a} ;b:ox¿, ;Nnfxsf/x¿, lhNnf :s'lnª ljefusf ;a} ;b:ox¿, hgjuL{o ;ªu7gsf ;a} s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿, s]Gb|Lo pk;ldlt cGtu{tsf zfvfx¿, lhNnf ˆ|ofS;gx¿, lhNnf hgjuL{o ;ªu7gsf cWoIf, pkfWoIf / ;lrjx¿, o; sfo{qmddf pRrtxdf 5'6]sf sd/]8x¿ k|lzIffyL{sf ¿kdf tyf ljlzi6 / pRr txdf k|lzlIft sd/]8x¿sf] eg] cfcfˆgf] ef}uf]lns If]qsf cfjZostfg';f/ k|lzIfs, cfof]hs / Joj:yfkssf ¿kdf clgjfo{ pkl:ylt /xg]5 .
3_ k|fylds tx M o;df lhNnf ;ldltd'lgsf ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ ;b:ox¿ tyf hgjuL{o ;ªu7gsf lhNnf ;b:ox¿sf] k|lzIffyL{sf ¿kdf pkl:ylt /xg]5 . dfWolds txdf 5'6]sf sd/]8x¿ k|lzIffyL{sf ¿kdf tyf dWod / pRr txdf k|lzlIft sd/]8x¿sf] eg] cfcfˆgf ef}uf]lns txsf cfjZostfg';f/ k|lzIfs, cfof]hs / Joj:yfkssf ¿kdf clgjfo{ pkl:ylt /xg]5 .
o; txsf] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf lhNnf kf6L{sld6Laf6 x'g]5 .
$= k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] cjlw M kf7oqmdsf] ¿k/]vf ljz]iftM !% lbg] k|lzIf0f tyf Tolt g} cjlwdf Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ k|lzlIft ug{ ;lsg] u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] t/ ! xKt] sfo{qmdaf6 klg olb ;fjwfgLk"j{s tof/L, ;~rfng / k"0f{ ;xeflutf ePdf ck]lIft ;Gtf]ifhgs k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{;lsG5 . To;} u/L o;nfO{ cled'vLs/0f k|lzIf0fsf ¿kdf @ lbg dfq klg ;~rfng ug{;lsG5 . jt{dfg kl/j]zdf lgDgfg';f/ ug{' u/fpg' pko'Qm x'G5 M
c_ k|ydtM M s'g s'/fnfO{ ;a}n] cfTd;ft ug{'k5{ eg] kf6L{ ;b:osf x}l;otn] ul/g] ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfkx¿ tyf k|ltlbg ul/g] :jfWoogsf pkqmdx¿ klg lzIffs} k|lqmof x'g . t;y{ k|lzIf0f Pp6f c6'6 k|lqmof xf] tyf cf}krfl/s lzIf0fsf cfof]hgfx¿ ToxL lg/Gt/tfleq Ps} k6sdf w]/} l;Sg;lsg] vf; ;xof]uL cj;/ dfq x'g . kf6L{sf sd/]8x¿n] Psvfn] cj;/sf] pkof]u ug{] / csf{nfO{ 5fl8lbg] xf]Og . ;a}nfO{ ;d]6]/ k/:k/ ;Dk"/ssf ¿kdf lng'k5{ .
cf_ k|lzIf0fsf] cjlw ;DalGwt kf6L{ ;ldlt jf sfof{no / :s'lnª ljefun] k|lzIffyL{x¿sf j}rfl/s cfjZostf / ;DefJotfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ljlwjt lg0f{oaf6 lgwf{/0f ug{'kb{5 . oxfF pRr / dWod txsf nflu ! xKt] / k|fylds txsf nflu @ lbg] k|lzIf0f lzlj/sf] cfof]hgf ug{;lsg]5 .
O_ k|f/lDes txsf k|lzIffyL{x¿n] cfcfˆgf] cg's"ntf x]/L k|ltxKtf ! lbgsf b/n] & xKtfdf -;ftlbgdf_ ;Sg] u/L ! xKt] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{;lsg]5 .
O{_ k|To]s txsf ;xefuLx¿n] b'3{6gf, ynf kg{]u/L la/fdL jf s'g} afWotf k/]afx]s cfˆgf tf]lsPsf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf cg'kl:yt x'g kfOg]5}g / o;nfO{ s7f]/tfk"j{s nfu" ug{' / ;DalGwt lgsfon] u/fpg'k5{ . k|lzIffyL{, k|lzIfs, cfof]hs, ko{j]Ifs nufot h'g;'s} e"ldsfdf pkl:yt ePsf] ePklg kf6L{ ;b:ox¿n] cfBf]kfGt ;xefuL x'g}k5{ . ljz]ifsf/0fjz pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] eP :s"n -k|lzIf0_f ljefusf] lg0f{o cfjZos x'g]5 .
p_ lgl0f{t dfkb08afx]s / clgoldt ;xeflutfnfO{ o:tf lzlj/df k"0f{tM lgif]w ul/g]5 .
pm_ Ps3G6fsf] Ps PsfO -lkl/o8_ x'g] u/L tLgj6f lzlj/sf lgldQ lgDgfg';f/ ;do ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hs kf6L{ lgsfosf] lg0f{oaf6 pQm ;do g36g] u/L cl3kl5 ;fg{ ;lsg]5 .
sIff ;dofjlw -!% lbg] k|lzIf0fsf nflu_
b}lgs laxfg &=)) b]lv !) ah] ;Dd # 3G6f .
laxfg !)=)) ah]b]lv !@ ah];Dd @ 3G6f cjsfz .
lbp; !@=)) ah]b]lv %=)) ah];Dd % 3G6f u/L k|ltlbg * 3G6fsf] k|lzIf0f lbj; x'g]5 .
k'/f lbg @% u'0ff * a/fa/ @)) 3G6f . cfwflbg -laxfg &=))=b]lv !)=)) ah];Dd dfq_ %u'g] # a/fa/ !% 3G6f hDdf sfo{sfn a/fa/ @!% 3G6f .
ljifout ;do ljefhg M
!_ pb3f6g ;do # 3G6f . k|lzIfs kl/ro ! ldg]6sf b/n] / k|lzIffyL{sf] ;fdfGo kl/ro !) ldg]6sf b/n] #) hgfsf] % 3G6f .
dfu{bz{s l;4fGt !)* 3G6f -åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb #) 3G6f, P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb #) 3G6f, /fhgLlts cy{zf:q #) 3G6f / ;}4flGts ljsf;sf ;f]kfgx¿ !@ 3G6f, l;4fGtsf s;Ldf hah / @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgafb ^ 3G6f_ . ljZjsDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] P]ltxfl;s l;+xfjnf]sg / g]skf cfGbf]ngsf] k|f/De / ljsf;sf] ljj]rgfTds cWoog * 3G6f . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL cWWog % 3G6f . ;d;fdlos /fhgLlt / ju{;ª3if{ tyf d'lQm;ª3if{sf cj:yf $ 3G6f . xfd|f] kf6L{ /fhgLlt !% 3G6f . ;ªu7gfTds l;4fGt / Jojxf/ !) 3G6f . z}nL $ 3G6f . hgcfGbf]ngsf] p7fg, ljsf; / ;~rfng -lj/fd;lxt_ !) 3G6f . k|ultzLn ;flxTosf] cWoog / ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf cu|0fL g]tfx¿sf] hLjgL $ 3G6f . jt{dfg /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt / kf6L{sf tfhf lg0f{ox¿ tyf kf6L{ sfo{stf{x¿sf] /fhgLltdf e"ldsf @ 3G6f . k|lzIf0f ;do hDdf !&! 3G6f .
@_ cEof;fTds ->dlzlj/, ;d:of ;dfwfg jf j}7s ;~rfng cflb * 3G6f .
#_ k|lzIffyL{x¿åf/f k|ltj]bg n]vg -k|ltlbg cjsfz sfndf n]Vg] / To;df yk_ * 3G6f .
$_ ;dfkgk"j{ k|ltj]bg k|:t'lt / 5nkmn !^ 3G6f .
%_ ;dfkg - ljifo;f/, cfjZos dGtJo tyf ;}4flGts j}rfl/s ljifoj:t'nfO{ cfufdL Jojxf/;Fu hf]8g] s'/f;d]t_ % 3G6f . hDdf @!% 3G6f .
Ps xKt] sfo{qmdsf nflu
k|ltlbg &=)) ah]b]lv !)=)) ;Dd # 3G6f . !)=)) b]lv !@=)) ;Dd @ 3G6f cjsfz . !@=)) b]lv % ah];Dd % 3G6f u/L hDdf * 3G6f . & lbg * 3G6fsf b/n] %^ 3G6f .
ljifout ;do ljefhg
!_ k|lzIf0f $# 3G6f . pb3f6g / kl/ro ! 3G6f . cled'vLs/0f ! 3G6f . dfu{bz{s l;4fGt @) 3G6f -åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb & 3G6f, P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb & 3G6f, /fhgLlts cy{zf:q ^ 3G6f_ . ;}4flGts ljsf;sf ;ª3if{sf ;f]kfgx¿ @ 3G6f . l;4fGtsf s;Ldf …hahÚ / …@! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfbÚ # 3G6f . ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] P]ltxfl;s l;+xfjnf]sg / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] k|f/De / ljsf;sf] ljj]rgfTds cWoog -dfn]sf] cf}lrTo;d]t_ # 3G6f . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL cWoog, ;d;fdlos /fhgLlt / ju{;ª3if{ tyf d'lQm;ª3if{sf] cj:yf # 3G6f . xfd|f] kf6L{ /fhgLlt $ 3G6f . ;ªu7gfTds l;4fGt / Jojxf/ @ 3G6f . z}nL ! 3G6f . hgcfGbf]ngsf] p7fg, ;~rfng / ljsf;af/] @ 3G6f . k|ultzLn ;flxTosf] cWoog / ;j{xf/f qmflGt / qmflGtsf cu|0fL g]tfx¿sf] hLjgL ! 3G6f . jt{dfg /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt / kf6L{ tfhf lg0f{ox¿ tyf kf6L{ sfo{stf{x¿sf] e"ldsf ! 3G6f .
@_ cEof;fTds M -;d:of ;dfwfg / a}7s ;~rfng cflb_ % 3G6f . #_ k|lzIffyL{åf/f k|ltj]bg n]vg M -k|lzIf0f ;lsPkl5 jf k|To]s lbgsf] cjsfz sfndf_ . $_ k|ltj]bg k|:t'lt / 5nkmn M -;dfkgk"j{_ % 3G6f . %_ ljifo ;f/, cfjZos dGtJox¿, ;}4flGts j}rfl/s ljifoj:t'nfO{ cfufdL Jojxf/;Fu hf]8g] s'/fx¿;d]t ;dfkg @ 3G6f . hDdf #^ 3G6f .
b'O{lbg] sfo{qmdsf nflu
k|ltlbg laxfg &=)) b]lv !!=)) ah];Dd $ 3G6f . laxfg !!=)) b]lv !@=)) ;Dd ! 3G6f cjsfz, lbp;f] !@=)) b]lv % ah];Dd % 3G6f u/L @ lbgsf] !* 3G6f .
ljifout ;do ljefhg
!_ pb3f6g / kl/ro cfwf 3G6f . k|lzIf0f !^=% 3G6f -cled'vLs/0f cfwf 3G6f, dfu{bz{s l;4fGt $ 3G6f -åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb @ 3G6f, P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb ! 3G6f, /fhgLlts cy{zf:q ! 3G6f, ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] P]ltxfl;s l;+xfjnf]sg / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] cf/De / ljsf;sf] ljj]rgfTds cWoog @ 3G6f . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL cWoog, ;d;fdlos /fhgLlt / ju{;ª3if{, d'lQm;ª3if{ -cGo ;a} ljifonfO{ k|;ªusf cfwf/df pNn]v ub{} xfd|f] /fhgLlts kf6L{sf juL{o cfwf/x¿ k|:6ofpFb} xfd|f] kf6L{sf cfjZostfdf s]lGb|t x'g] u/L ;fdu|L tof/ ug{]_ ! 3G6f . xfd|f] kf6L{ /fhgLlt @+% 3G6f . ;ªu7gfTds l;4fGt, Jojxf/x¿ / z}nL @ 3G6f . hgcfGbf]n p7fg, ljsf; / ;~rfngaf/] ! 3G6f . k|ultzLn ;flxTosf] cWoog, ;j{xf/f qmflGt / qmflGtsf cu|0fL g]tfx¿sf] hLjgL, ;d;fdlos ===e"ldsf !=% 3G6f . ;dfkg l;4fGtnfO{ Jojxf/;Fu hf]8g] cfjZostfaf/] lgb{]zg;d]t ! 3G6f . hDdf !* 3G6f .
%_ ljlw M
k|:t't ;Gbe{df kf6L{sf] ljlw eg]sf] kf6L{sf p2]Zo cg'¿k lgwf{l/t cWoog cWofkgsf ljifonfO{ k|lzIffyL{x¿df Jojxf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg] u/L ;kmntfk"j{s cfTd;ft u/fpg] k|lqmof jf k4lt xf] . t;y{ k|lzIf0fdf hlxn] klg k|lzIffyL{af6 ljifoj:t'sf] ;xL u|x0fzlQm k|yd / To;kl5 To;df k|o'Qm ljlwsf] låtLo dxTj x'G5 . utsfndf o; s'/fnfO{ l7s;Fu a'‰g] sfd gx'Fbf clwsf+z ;do gofFkgsf gfddf cj:t'ut 9ªun] k|:t't ul/of] / bIftfdf cfwfl/t ;xeflutfd"ns ljlw -Efficiency based Particpatory Mathod_ sf] k|ofu ug{] k|of; ePklg Jojxf/df ;xL cEof; x'g ;s]g / To;sf ;kmn, c;kmn kIfsf] klxrfg x'g;s]g . k|lzIf0fdf :jlrGtg / 5nkmnåf/f k|lzIffyL{ :jo+ lgisif{ k'Ug] ljlw pQd ePklg sfo{Jo:ttf / ljleGg sf/0fn] ;do lbg g;Sbf lglb{i6 ;dofjlwleq lgwf{l/t ljifox¿ :jo+ cWoog u/]/ a'‰g'kg{] / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{'kg{] clg lhDd]jf/ g]tfx¿n] cfˆgf ckl/lIft ljrf/ tyf cGo lgwf{l/t ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;hnf]sf nflu ;f]em} k|lzIffyL{;dIf l6kf]6sf ¿kdf jf k':ts / k|ltlnlksf ¿kdf k'¥ofpg] sfd eof] .
k|lzIffyL{sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf gx'g] / pTk|]/0ff Go"g x'g] k|lzIffyL{ lgliqmo x'g] / ljlwsf ¿kdf JofVofgljlw cfnf]lrt x'g]u/]sf] 5 . o; cfnf]rgfdf s]xL ;Totf cjZo 5 tfklg o; ljlwdf Psftkm{ k|lzIfsn] cfˆgf ljifosf] :ki6, ;/n / ;lhn} a'‰g;lsg] l6kf]6 agfpg kg{]df clt xn'sf jf uDeL/tfsf gfddf clt lSni6 agfpg] sdhf]/L eof] / ljutsf sdhf]/Laf6 hf]lug] k|of; ul/Pg . pQd k|lzIf0fdf k|lzIfsn] lalardf k|Zgf]Q/ ug{] u/fpg], ;xof]uL ;fdu|L k|of]u ug{], ljifosf ;dfkgk"j{ oyf;Dej k|Zgx¿ p7fpg cj;/ lbg], cGTodf ;du| ljifoj:t'sf] ;f/ atfOlbg] clg k|lzIf0fkl5 Jojxf/df k|of]udf NofPgNofPsf] cg'udg ug{] / ;xof]u ug{]ug{'k5{ . csf{lt/ k|lzIffyL{ sIffdf clgjfo{ pkl:yt eO{ Wofgk"j{s ;'Gg], a'‰g sf]lz; ug{], tTsfn l6kf]6 agfpg], ga'em]sf s'/fdf k|Zg ;f]Wg], cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{], / k|lzlIft ljifonfO{ clgjfo{tM Jojxf/df ptfg{], ug{] xf] eg] of] ljlw bf]ifd'Qm dfq x}g ck]lIft nfebfos klg aGg;S5 t/ o;df k|lzIffyL{ / k|lzIfs b'j}sf] ;ªul7t k|oTg cfjZos x'G5 .
^= kf6L{ lzIffsf ;+oGq / hgzlQm M
lzIf0f;DaGwL of]hgf agfpg'k"j{ s]Gb|Lo :s'n ljefu, k|b]z / lhNnfx¿ klg pkljefux¿ u7g, lzIf0f of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] tof/L / s]Gb|Lo :s'n ljefuåf/f s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ;xof]u lnP/ k|lzIf0f sfo{sf] g]t[Tj ub{} ;lqmotf, of]Uotf / Ifdtfsf cfwf/df k|lzIfs tf]Sg] / kl/kq hf/L ug{] sfd ug{' kb{5 . k|lzIf0fsf] cfjZostf a9} hfFbf kf6L{ :s'n yk ug{] / lgoldt ;~rfng ub{} hfg'kg{] x'G5 .
&= kf6L{lzIff, kf6L{ ;ªu7g, cfGbf]ngsf] ;dGjo / kf/:kl/s lge{/tf M @)$^ ;fnkl5 cGo ;a} kf6L{x¿h:t} xfd|f kf6L{leq klg qmdzM u}/sDo'lgi6 ;+:sf/, rl/q / k|j[lQn] clwsf/ hdfpFb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . k/Gt' To;nfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{] k|of; ePg . cem slyt nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfkl5 t pbf/tf, Go"gk'FhLjfbL pkef]QmfjfbL k|j[lQ, cj;/jfb / ;Demf}tfjfbL rl/qn] sd/]8x¿df cem a9L ks8 agfpFb} uPsf] 5 . kl/0ffdtM sd/]8x¿df ;}4flGts ljifoj:t'sf k':ts k9g], ltgdfly ax; ug{], lrGtg dgg ug{], k|lzIf0fdf efu lng] clg cfnf]rgf cfTdcfnf]rgf / cfcfˆgf rl/qdf ;'wf/ ug{] s'/fx¿df k6Ss} Wofg uPg . ;fy} lzIff, kf6L{ ;ªu7g, hgtfsf hfoh dfFu / cfjZostfdf Wofg lb+b} cfGbf]ngsf] l;h{gf ug{] / hgtf;Fu 3lgi6 ;DaGw :yflkt ug{] s'/f ;d]t cf]em]ndf kgf{n] kf6L{sf] cfsf/ qmdzM ;fFu'l/+b} / v'lDr+b} uof] . n]lggsf …hgtf kfgL / kf6L{ g]tf sfo{stf{ df5f x'gÚ eGg] ljrf/sf] Vofn} ePg . k|lzIf0fnfO{ cg'Tkfbs tyf k};f / ;dosf] aaf{bLsf ¿kdf lnOof] . ctM k|lzIf0fn] kf6L{ / ;ª3if{sf] p7fg ug{ / dfS;{jfb n]lggjfbL bz{gnfO{ Jofjxfl/s k|of]u ug{df slt w]/} ;xof]u k'¥ofpFbf] /x]5 eGg] a'‰g} 5f]l8of] . To;} s'/fnfO{ dWohg/ ub{} To; b"lift k|j[lQnfO{ gfz ub{} kf6L{ / sfo{stf{df k'ghLjg lbg kf6L{ :s'n ljefusf] k'gu{7g ub{} k|lzIf0fsf nflu lgwf{l/t kf7oqmddf kl/dfh{g u/L gjLg kf7oj:t' tof/ kf/]sf] 5 . o;n] kf6L{ ljwfg, ;ªu7g / dof{bfsf] Vofn /fVb} ;a} txdf k|lzIf0f k'¥ofpg] of]hgf agfPsf] 5 .
k|lzIf0fn] sfo{stf{sf] r]tgfsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbk|lt k'gM cfsif{0f a9fpgfsf ;fy} d"Nofªsg, kbf]Gglt ug{df d2t ug{] / kf6L{sf] :j¿k lj:tf/ ug{df klg kof{Kt ;xof]u lbg]5 . ;fy} g]tfx¿df cfTdd"Nofªsg ug{] / ;lqmotf b]vfpg] cj;/ / cfTdljZjf; hfu[t ug{]5 .
*= lzIf0f ;xof]uL kf7o;fdu|L M xfd|f]h:tf] cNkljsl;t d'n'sdf lzIf0f tyf kf7o;fdu|L eg]sf], k':tsx¿, l6kf]6x¿, ;fOgk]g, af]8{, 8:6/, Kn] sf8{, lrq, kf]:6/, /]vflrq / cGo n]v /rgfx¿ x'g . k|foM tL ;a}sf] pkof]u k|lzIfs, k|lzIffyL{n] cfjZostf / cg's"ntf x]/L ug{;Sg] x'G5 . h;/L kf6L{ g]tf sfo{stf{sf] of]Uotf, Ifdtf / txcg';f/ k|lzIf0fsf ljifo / kf7o;fdu|L klg To;/L g} lgwf{/0f ug{' cfjZos / plrt x'G5 . ;f]xL cg';f/ oxfF klg lgDgfg';f/ kf7o ;fdu|Lsf] lgb{]zg ug{] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . cfjZostfg';f/ / 5nkmn cg';f/ o;df yk36 / kl/dfh{g x'g;Sg]5 .
k|f/lDes txsf nflu
s= cWoog, lzIf0f / k|lzIf0fsf nflu pkof]uL kf7o;fdu|L M
!_ sDo'lgi6, efu–! b]lv %–/fdcf;/] jdf{, @_ dfS;{jfb -klxnf] k':ts_– k|sfzs M Pl;of klAn]szg, #_ ox ;a Sof]+ M–;Ao;frL, $_ sfn{dfS;{– /fx'g ;fªs[Tofog, %_ sfn{dfS;{PEu]gL :t]kfgf]e, ^_ k|m]8l/s Pªu]N;–/fx'n ;fªs[Tofog, &_ dfcf]T;]t'ª– /fx'n ;fªs[Tofog, *_ n]lgg /fx'n ;fªs[tofog, (_ h] eL :6flng–/fx'n ;fªs[Tofog . !)_ xf]lr ldGx– x+;/fh /xa/ -g]kfnL ¿kfGt/0f–gf/fo0fk|;fb cfrfo{-pknAw eP_, !!_ dfgj ;dfh–/fx'g ;fªs[Tofog, !@_ l;4fGt hf] ;dfhsf] abntf x} –zf]nf]dg ;]df{g, !#_ /fhgLlts / bfz{lgs zAb kl/ro–;f]leot k|sfzg -kfOPdf_, !$_ cflb ljb|f]xL–xfj{8{ kmf:6÷g]kfnL ¿kfGt/– gf/fo0f k|;fb cfrfo{ -k|fKt ePdf_, !%_ gf/L aGwg / d'lQm–df]bgfy k|l;|t, !^_ cfdf–d]lS;d uf]sL, !&_ clUgbLIfflgsf]nfO{ c:qf]e:sL .
v= cWoog dgg / kfngsf nflu ;fdu|L M
kf6L{ sld6L ;~rfng / g]t[Tjsf] e"ldsf–ju{;ª3if{–v08 # cªs # .
dWod tx
s=cWoog, lzIf0f / k|lzIf0fsf nflu pkof]uL kf7o;fdu|L M
!_ k|fylds txdf lgwf{l/t ;a}, @_ bz{gzf:qsf] k|f/lDes 1fg–cfˆgfZo]e, #_ dfS;{jfbL bz{g– gf/fo0f k|;fb cfrfo{,$_ åGåfTds P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb–h] le :6flng, %_ bz{gaf/] rf/ lgaGw–dfcf] h] bf]ª, ^_ /fHo / qmflGt– n]lgg, &_ kf6L{sf] sfo{z}nL ;'wf/ u/–dfcf] h]bf]ª, *_ g]t[Tjsf tl/sfaf/] sxL k|Zg– dfcf] h]bf]ª, (_ kf6L{ sld6LnfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg]af/]– dfcf]h]bf]ª, !)_ kf6L{ sld6Lsf] sfdsf tl/sfx¿ –dfcf] h]bf]ª, !!_ cGtkf{6L{ Pstfsf] åGåfTds k4lt –dfcf] h]bf]ª, !@_ cfˆgf cWoognfO{ ;'wf/ u/f}+– dfcf] h]bf]ª, !#_ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf sfo{stf{, ;ªu7g, z}nL / cGtkf{6L{ ;ª3if{af/]– 5g o', rfcf] Pg nfO{ / lnpzfcf] rL÷g]kfnL ¿kfGt/0f– gf/fo0fk|;fb cfrfo{, !$_ kf6L{af/]– No'zfcf] rL, !%_ sfo{gLltaf/]– n]lgg, !^_ sDo'lgi6kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ffkq– dfS;{ / Pªu]N;, !&_ gf}nf] hgjfbaf/] dfcf] h]bf]ª, !*_ jfdkGyL ;fDojfb Pp6f afn/f]u– n]lgg, af]Nuf ;] uªuf /fx'n ;fªs[Tofog, c;n so'lgi6 s;/L aGg]–lnp zfcf] rL . !(_ ljZjsL ¿k/]vf– /fx'n ;fªs[Tofog, @)_ j}1flgs ef}ltsjfb–/fx'n, @!_ ;f]leot cy{zf:qsL cfnf]rgf– k|ultk|sfzg d:sf] . @@_ ;dfhjfb– j}1flgs / sfNklgs, @#_ ljZjsf Oltxf;– k|ult k|sfzg d:sf] .
v_ cfnf]rgfTds cWoog / vf]hcg';Gwfgsf nflu ;fdu|L M
!_ g]kfnL ;fDojfbL cfGbf]ngsf] pbej, ljsf; / jt{dfg cj:yf–eLd /fjn, @_ g]kfnL s= cf]sf Oltxf;–8f= ;'/]Gb| a:g]t . #_ g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;– k'iknfn, $_ cGo sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x¿sf b:tfa]h / k|sfzgx¿ . %_ bz{gsf] b/Lb|tf -k|'wf]sf b/Lb|tfsf] v08g_ –sfn{dfS;{, ^_ af}nfxfsf] 8fo/L– n';'g, &_ bz{g sf]z –k|=k| d:sf],
u_ cWoog dgg / kfngsf nflu ;fdu|L M k|fylds txsf ;a} .
pRr txsf nflu
s= cWoog, lzIffu|x0f / k|]/0ffsf nflu ;fdu|Lx¿ M
!_ k|fylds / dfWolds txsf ;a}, @_ k]l/z sDo'gaf/], #_ n'8lav kfmo/afv / hd{g Snfl;sLsf] cGTo, $_ bz{gsf]z –k|ult k|sfzg d:tf], %_ Scientific Communism –k|ult k|sfzg d:sf], ^_ Dictionary of Political Economy– k|ult k|sfzg d:sf], &_c;n g]tf s;/L aGg] – rfp Pg nfO{, *_ cfkm}nfO{ dfu{bz{g– rfp PgnfO{, (_ ;fd|fHojfb k'FhLjfbsf] r/d ¿k n]lgg, !)_ k'iknfnsf ;ªslnt /rgfx¿, !!_ dfS;{jfbL / n]lggjfbL bz{gzf:q– l6 Enf;f]e, k|ult k|sfzg d:sf]÷ gf/f0fk|;fb cof{nåf/f cg'lbt,!@_ cflbd ;fDojfbb]lv bf;k|yf;Ddsf] Oltxf;–>Lkfb cd[t 8fFu], kl/jf/, !#_ lghL ;DklQ / /fHosf] pTklQ – Pªu]N;, !$_ afFb/af6 dflg; aGgdf >dsf] e"ldsf– Pªu]N;, !%_ ;lxbgfdf –xfj{8{ kmf:6, !^_ ;d/ufyf– xfj{8{ kmf:6, !&_ cflbljb|f]xL– xfj{8{ kmf:6, !*_ ;f]leot ;ª3sf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -af]N;]lessf] Oltxf;— k|ult k|sfzg df:sf], !(_ lr skfsf] Oltxf;, @)_ /fhgLlts cy{zf:q– l:kl/lsg, @!_ ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjaf/] –dfS;{, Pªu]N;, n]lgg, @@_ Problems of Leninism– :6flng, @#_ k'FhLjfb Sof x} <– k|ult k|sfzg df:sf], @$_ P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsfb Sof x} <– k|ult k|sfzg d:sf], @%_ sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsL ;d:ofPF, l;4fGt cf}/ k4lt ;DaGwL s'5 k|Zg– k|ultk|sfzg d:sf], b]xnL, @^_ hxfF pkf gfu/L s] kfon gxL+ vgst] -pkGof;_–k|ult k|sfzg tf;sGb, @&_ ;dfhjfb M sfNklgs / j}1flgs– k|m]8l/s Pªu]N; . @*_ /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] cfnf]rgf– sfn{dfS;{, @(_ j}lbs cfo{– /fx'n ;fªs[Tofog, #)_ The End of The State– Bob Avakin, #!_ :kf6f{s;– pkGof;, #@_ China shakes the World– Adger Snow, ##_ Daily life in Revolutionary China- Mariya Antoniyo, #$_ Modernism/Postmodernism- Pitter Brooker, #%_ bz{gsf cfwf/– k|ult k|sfzg d:sf], #^_ ;dfhzf:qs] l;4fGt– k|=k|= d:sf],
v= cfnf]rgfTds vf]h / cWofkgsf nflu ;a} ;fdfu|Lx¿ M
!_ dfWolds txsf ;a}, @_ hah / g]skf -Pdfn]_sf kfFrf}+, 5}6f}+ / ;ftf}+ dxflwj]zgsf ;a} b:tfa]hx¿ / ltgdflysf xfd|f] kf6L{ g]t[Tjsf sd//]8x¿åf/f ul/Psf cfnf]rgfTds n]vx¿ #_ cGo sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, ;d"xPj+ /fhgLlts kf6L{sf b:tfa]h / k|sfzgx¿ . $_ cy{lj1fg–8f= afa'/fd ;S;]gf, %_ dWo Pl;ofsf Oltxf;– /fx'n, ^_ Oltxf; k|sfz– of]uL g/x/Lgfy,
u_ cWoog, dgg / cg';/0fsf nflu
!_ k|f/lDes txsf ;a} .
ljlzi6 tx
s= cWoog, lzIffu|x0f / k|]/0ffsf nflu ;fdu|Lx¿ M
!_ k|f/lDes, dfWolds / pRr txsf ;a}, @_ 8o'xl/ dt v08g– Pªu]N;, #_ k|s[ltsf] åGåfTdstf, $_ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb– dfS;{, Pªu]N;, n]lgg, %_ k'FhL –sfn{ dfS;{, ^_ uf]yf sfo{qmdsf] cfnf]rgf–sfn{ dfS;{, &_ hd{gL qmflGt / k|ltqmflGt– sfn{ dfS;{, *_ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb cf}/bz{gsf Oltxf;–lyof]8f]/ cfOh]:dfg, (_ ef/t–>Lkfb cd[t 8fFu], !)_ k'FhL, Hjfnf / d'gfkmf, !!_ ;f]leot ;ª3sf] ktgkl5sf] /fhgLlts lrGtg– uGgf8L h'ufgf]e -k|fKt eP_, !@_ bz{g lbUbz{g– /fx'n ;fªs[Tofog, !#_ rfjf{s bz{g, !$_ :jo+j]B pklgifb !%_ n]lggsf ;a} ;}4flGts /rgfx¿, !^_ dfcf]T;]t'ªsf ;a} ;}4flGts / ;fGble{s /rgf, !&_ /fhgLlts l;4fGtsf Oltxf; -rf/} v08_– k|ult k|sfzg d:sf] . !*_ ?;sf] k'gof{qf–n'O{ lkm;/,
v= cfnf]rgfTds cWoog / vf]hsf nflu M
!_ k|f/lDes, dfWolds / pRr txsf ;a}, @_ g]kfnsf cGo ;a} g]skfsf hLljt /fhgLlts b:tfa]hx¿, #_ jt{dfg ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng / g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf ;Gbe{df ;Dk"0f{ k|sflzt, k|fKo / kf7o b[Zo ;fdu|Lx¿ $_ cGo sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, ;d"xsf tyf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf b:tfa]h / k|sfzgx¿ .
u= cWoog, dgg / cg';/0fsf nflu M
!_ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt / pk;ldltx¿sf gjLgtd lg0f{ox¿
(_ lzlj/ Joj:yfkgf M
k|To]s lzlj/df k|lzIffyL{x¿sf] ;ªVof @) b]lv #) ;Dd x'g' plrt dflgG5 . cfof]hgf / Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]af/Laf/] o; cl3 g} pNn]v eO;s]sf] 5 . k|lzIf0f cjlwdf k|lzIfs / k|lzIffyL{ ;a}n] lzlj/d} /x]/ cfˆgf] k|lzIf0f ;DaGwL lgwf{l/t ;Dk"0f{ ;do tflnsfdf afwf gkg{] u/L ;dfgtfsf cfwf/df lzlj/ Joj:yfkgsf b}lgs sfo{x¿df ;d]t ;xsfo{ ug{;s] pbfx/0fLo x'g]5 . ±±±
k'iknfn ljrf/ k|jw{g s]Gb|sf] ljwfg @)*!
k|:tfjgf
k'iknfn ljrf/ k|jw{g s]Gb| gfds ;+:yf :yfkgf u/L ;~rfng ug{ jf~5gLo ePsfn] of] ljwfg …;+:yf btf{ sfo{ljlw @)&&Ú sf cwLgdf /xL th{'df ul/Psf] 5 .
;+:yfsf] gfd M k'iknfn ljrf/ k|jw{g s]Gb|
kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= o; ;+:yfsf] gfd g]kfnL efiffdf k'iknfn ljrf/ k|jw{g s]Gb|, cªu|]hLdf Pushpalal Bichar Prawardhan kendra of ;+If]kdf PBPK x'g]5 .
s_ ;+:yfsf] 7]ufgf M sLlt{k'/ gkf–@ d}qLgu/, sf7df8f}+
v_ ;+:yfsf] sfo{If]q M o; ;+:yfsf] sfo{If]q sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsfel/ /xg]5 .
u_ k|f/De M ;+:yf btf{ ePsf ldltb]lv of] ljwfg nfu" x'g]5 .
3_ ;+:yfsf] cl:tTj M of] ;+:yf Ps cljlR5Gg pQ/flwsf/jfnf ;ªul7t, :jzfl;t, u}/gfkmfd"ns, u}//fhgLlts / u}/;/sf/L ;fdflhs ;+:yf x'g]5 . ;+:yfaf6 cfˆgf p2]Zoafx]s cfocfh{g ug{] tyf s'g} k|sf/sf] z'Ns lnO{ k/fdz{ k|bfg ug{] sfo{ ul/g]5}g .
@= kl/efiff
ljifo jf k|;ªun] cGoyf cy{ gnfu]df o;df M
s_ ljwfg eGgfn] k'iknfn ljrf/ k|jw{g s]Gb|sf] ljwfg eGg] a'‰g'k5{ .
v_ ;+:yf eGgfn] k'iknfn ljrf/ k|jw{g s]Gb g]kfnnfO{ hgfpF5 .
u_ ;ldlt eGgfn] o; ljwfgsf] bkmf !# adf]lhd ul7t sfo{ ;ldltnfO{ hgfpF5 .
3_ ;ef eGgfn] o; ljwfgadf]lhd a;]sf] ;fwf/0f ;ef / ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef ;d] tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
ª_ kbflwsf/L eGgfn] o; ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/LnfO{ hgfpF5 .
r_ lgod, ljlgod eGgfn] o; ljwfgcGtu{t aGg] lgod, ljlgodnfO{ hgfpF5 .
5_ :yfgLo clwsf/L eGgfn] k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t jf lghn] tf]s]sf]
;fwf/0f ;efsf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M
s_ sfo{;ldltn] k]; u/]sf of]hgf / sfo{qmdx¿sf] jflif{s ah]6 kfl/t ug{] .
v_ n]vfk/LIfsaf6 k|fKt ePsf] jflif{s n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdfly 5nkmn u/L cg'df] bg ug{] / n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf b]lvPsf clgoldt a]?h' /sddfly 5nkmn u/L lgoldt ug{ gldNg] a]?h' /sd c;'npk/ u/L km:of{}6 ug{sf nflu sfo{;ldltnfO{ lgb{]zg ug{] .
u_ cfufdL jif{sf nflu n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ug{] .
3_ ;+:yfsf] jflif{s sfo{k|ult ljj/0f / cGo sfo{x¿sf] d"Nofªsg u/L sfo{ ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg] .
ª_ ;+:yfsf] sfo{ ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] kbfjlw k'u]sf cj:yfdf cfufdL sfo{ ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lsf] lgjf{rg ljwfgadf]lhd k|lqmof cg';f/ lgjf{rg ug{] .
r_ sfo{ ;ldltåf/f k]; ePsf ljwfg ;+zf]wg, lgod tyf ljlgod :jLs[t ug{] .
5_ dfgfy{ ;b:otf k|bfg ug{] .
h_ ;+:yfsf] cfˆg} cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 a]xf]g{] u/L sfo{ ;ldltn] k]; u/]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL, kfl/>lds, eQf tyf cGo ;'lawfx¿df cfjZostf cg'¿k :jLs[lt k|bfg ug{] .
!#= sfo{;ldlt u7g
!= ;fwf/0f ;efsf ;b:ox¿af6 lgjf{lrt b]xfoadf]lhdsf kbflwsf/L /xg] & ;b:oLo sfo{;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 .
cWoIf M v]dgf/fo0f 9'ªufgf
pkfWoIf M 8f= eujfgrGb| 1jfnL
;lrj M zlzsnf l3ld/]
;x;lrj M /fh]z jfGtjf
sf]iffWoIf M 8f= zDe' s6]n
;b:o M /fdaxfb'/ e08f/L
;b:o M /rgf zdf{
;b:o M s[i0fxl/ e§
;b:o M zf/bf >]i7
hDdf ( hgf -gf]6 M & b]lv !& hgf;Dd /fVg], -sDtLdf ##Ü dlxnf x'g}kg{] / cWoIf, ;lrj / sf]iffWoIfdWo] ! hgf dlxnf x'g'kg{]5_ .
@= sfo{;ldltsf] sfo{sfn @ jif{sf] x'g]5 .
#= jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef x'g'eGbf cufa} sfo{;ldltdf /x]sf s'g} ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g cfPdf afFsL cjlwsf nflu sfo{ ;ldltsf ;b:osf] dgf]gog sfo{ ;ldltåf/f ;f] ;b:osf] afFsL sfo{sfn;Ddsf nflu dfq x'g]5 t/ cGo kbx¿sf nflu ljwfgadf]lhd afFsL cjlwsf lgldQ lgjf{rg k|lqmofåf/f kl/k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
$= sfo{;ldltsf] a}7s cfjZostf cg';f/ cWoIfn] af]nfpg]5 t/ sfo{ ;ldltsf]
@= k|ydk6s lgjf{rg ;DkGg gePsf cj:yfdf sfo{ ;ldltn] u/]sf sfd sf/afxLx¿ o;} ljwfg cg';f/ ePsf] dflgg]5 .
#%= xfdL k'iknfn ljrf/ k|je{g s]Gb| ;+:yfsf lgDg ;+:yfksx¿ o; ljwfgadf]lhd sfo{ ug{ d~h'/ eO{ lgDg ;IfLx¿sf /f]xj/df ljwfgdf x:tfIf/ ub{5f}+ .
;+:yfkssf] gfd y/ 7]ufgf ;fIfLsf] gfdy/, jtg / x:tfIf/
!= gfd y/ M v]dgf/fo0f 9'ªufgf gfdy/ M eLd Gof}kfg]
7]ufgf M sfdkf–# afn'jf6f/ sf7df8f}+ 7]ufgf M k/jfgLk'/–!^, ;nf{xL
kb M cWoIf =====
@= gfdy/ M 8f eujfgrGb| 1jfnL gfdy/ M lji0f'axfb'/ a/fn
7]ufgf M gfufh{'g–!), :o'rf6f/ 7]ufgf M rGb|k'/–!, /f}tx6
kb M pkfWoIf =======
#= gfdy/ M zlzsnf l3ld/] gfdy/ M ;Togf/fo0f d'lvof
7]ufgf M dWok'/ l7dL–!, eQmk'/ 7]ufgf Mhgsk'/–!&, wg'iff
kb M ;lrj ======
$= gfdy/ M cflzs /fO{ gfdy/ M dfggfy ltdlN;gf
7]ufgf M a'ªdtL, nlntk'/ 7]ufgf M x]6f}8f–@, dsjfgk'/
kb M ;x;lrj =======
%= gfdy/ M 8f= zDe' s6]n gfdy/ M ljklQ d08n s]j6
7]ufgf M sLlt{k'/–@ d}qLgu/ 7]ufgf Mhgsk'/–!*, wg'iff
kb M sf]iffWoIf ========
^= gfdy/ M /fdaxfb'/ e08f/L gfdy/ M ch{'gs'df/ sfsL{
7]ufgf M tf/s]Zj/–&, km'6'ª 7]ufgf Msfdkf–#@, sf]6]Zj/
kb M ;b:o =======
&= gfdy/ M /rgf zdf+ gfdy/ M ;tLnfn rf}w/L
7]ufgf M dxfnIdL–$, sdnkf]v/L, nlntk'/ 7]ufgf M u|fdyfg ufkf–% df]/ª
kb M ;b:o =======
*= gfdy/ Ms[i0fxl/ e§ gfdy/ M dlgif e§/fO{
7]ufgf Mtf/s]Zj/–# 7]ufgf M wws/–#, alb{of
kb M ;b:o ========
(= gfdy/ M zf/bf >]i7 gfdy/ MejfgL s] ;L
7]ufgf M a'ªdtL, nlntk'/ 7]ufgf M
kb M ;b:o ======
-gf]6 M of] c+z dfq xf]_
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
s]Gb|Lo lzIf0f ljefu
:s'n ;~rfng tyf kf7oqmd lgb{]lzsf
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng dfgjåf/f dfgjdfly x'g] ;a}k|sf/sf zf]if0f, bdg, pTkL8g, cGofo, cTofrf/, c;dfgtf / e]befjk"0f{ k|j[lQsf] cGTo u/L ju{ljxLg / zf]if0fljxLg k"0f{ ;dfgtfo'Qm ;d'Ggt ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{] p2]Zo;lxt ;~rflnt cfGbf]ng xf] . j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL / ;fDojfbL ;dfh g} To:tf] ;dfh Joj:yf xf] h;df dfgjåf/f dfgjdfly x'g] ef}lts, dfgl;s, k|fs[lts, j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts, gLltut, sfg'gL cflb ;a}k|sf/sf zf]if0f / cj/f]wlagf k"0f{ :jfwLgtf, ;dfgtf, ;d[l4 / pRr ;+:s[ltsf] pkof]u u/L hLjg ofkg ug]{ / JolQmTj ljsf; ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt x'G5 .
xfd|f] h:tf] c4{;fdGtL / c4{–cf}klgj]lzs ;dfhnfO{ j}1flgs ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfb;Dd k'¥ofpgsf nflu gofF hgjfbL qmflGt / ;dfhjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg u/L ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj cGtu{t lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGt cjnDag ub{} ;fDofbtkm{ cl3 a9g' ckl/xfo{ 5 . of] ju{;ª3if{sf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGt xf] . ju{;ª3if{sf] ;kmntfsf nflu pTkfbg, pRr j}1flgs cWoog, cg';Gwfg / k|of]unfO{ ;+of]hg gu/L cfjZos k|ult ug{;ls+b}g . hlta]nf dfgjåf/f dfgjdfly ul/g] zf]if0f, bdg, pTkL8g, lje]b / c;dfgfsf] cGTo x'G5 Tolta]nf dfq ;dfh ju{ljxLg x'G5 / ju{;ª3if{sf] cGTo x'G5 tyf zf]if0fljxLg / hfthfltljxLg ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . dfgjhfltn] k|s[lt;Fu ;ª3if{ ub{} / cg's"ng ub{} ju{;ª3if{sf cfwf/e"t s'/fnfO{ cBfjlws ub}{ n}hfg'k5{ . o:tf] Joj:yf åGåfTds / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL l;4fGtsf cfnf]sdf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfb :yflkt ePkl5 dfq ;Dej x'g;Sb5 . To;sf nflu xfdLn] dfS;{jfn–n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbsf] uxg cWoog / l;h{gfTds k|of]u ug{'kb{5 .
ljZj;j{xf/f ju{sf dxfg g]tf sfn{dfS;{ / k|m]8l/s Pªu]N;n] ;g !*$* df tof/ u/]sf] sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ffkqn] juL{o ;dfhdf zf]lift kLl8t / ;fdflhs /fhgLlts d"nwf/af6 jl~rt ju{sf] ;dfgtfsf / xs ;+/If0fsf nflu ;ª3if{sf] xltof/sf] sfd u¥of] h'g clxn];Dd klg ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] dfu{bz{s l;4fGt ag]sf] 5 . ;j{k|yd pxfFx?n] sDo'lgi6 nLu :yfkgf u/L l;4fGtsf] k|rf/k|;f/ ;'? ug{'eof] . ;g !*%@ sf] sf]nf]g k|ltqmflGtsf/L if8oGqkl5 To;sf] lj36g u/L ;j{xf/f ju{nfO{ ;ªul7t ub{} sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'eof] . pxfFx?n] åGåfTds / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL bz{g, ju{;ª3if{sf] l;4fGt, Oltxf;sf] ef}lts JofVof, ;j{xf/f ju{n] /fHo;QfnfO{ jnk"j{s sAhf ug{] /0fgLlt, ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTjsf] l;4fGt / tbg'¿ksf] sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L To;sf] JofVof / ljZn]if0f k|:t't ug{'eof] .
pxfFx¿s} kxnsbdL / ;lqmotfdf ;g !*^$ df klxnf] cGt/f{li6«o ;ªu7gsf] lgdf{0f eof] . To;nfO{ dhb"/x¿sf] k|yd cGt/f{li6«o -First International Workingmen,s Association_ elgG5 . h;sf g]t[Tjdf ljZjsf dhb"/ cfGbf]ngn] tLj|tf kfof] . To;} ;dodf k]l/;sf dhb"/x¿n] k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;QfnfO{ k/f:t u/]/ ;g !*&! df k]l/; sDo'gsf] :yfkgf u/] . k]l/; sDo'g dhb"/x¿åf/f :yflkt ljZjs} ;a}eGbf klxnf] /fHo;Qf xf] t/ k|ltlqmofjfbL bdgsf sf/0f Tof] w]/} lbg;Dd l6Sg ;s]g / &@ lbgdf lj3l6t eof] . t}klg To;n] ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ lzIff lbof] . To;sf cg'ejaf6 dfS;{n] klg …algagfp /fHo;+oGqnfO{ sAhf u/]/ ;j{xf/f ju{n] ;lhn} cfˆgf lxtdf k|of]u ug{;Sb}gÚ eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNb} ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTjsf] l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ug{'eof] .
k'FhLjfbsf] ;fd|fHojfbdf ktg / To;n] k|ltlqmofjfbL rl/q u|x0f u/]kl5 To:tf] k|lt:kwf{Tds÷:jR5Gb k'FhLjfbL o'udf ;j{xf/fju{sf] sfo{gLlt / /0fgLlt kl/jt{g x'g' cfjZos lyof] . n]lggn] ;fd|fHojfbL o'usf rfl/lqs ljz]iftfx¿sf] JofVof / ljZn]if0f ub{} ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] gofF /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt lgdf{0f / ljsf; ug{'eof] . clg ?;df To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog u/]/ cfˆg} g]t[Tjdf ;g !(!& df dxfg cS6f]a/ -;dfhjfbL_ qmflGtåf/f ljZjsf] klxnf] ;dfhjfbL /fHo;Qf ;f]leot ;ª3sf] :yflkt ug{'eof] . ;f]leot ;ª3 ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] klxnf] ;dfhjfbL /fHo lyof] . To;kl5 :6flngsf g]t[Tjdf ;f]leot ;ª3df ;dfhjfbsf] lgdf{0f tLj| ¿kdf cl3 a9} ljZj ;dfhjfbL lzlj/sf] :yfkgf eof] t/ :6flngsf] c;fdlos b]xfj;fg -!(%#_ n] ;g !(%^ df v|'Zr]enfO{ ju{;ª3if{sf] q'l6k"0f{ JofVof ug{] ;j{xf/f ju{sf] kf6L{sf ;66f ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] kf6L{, ju{;ª3if{sf ;66f ju{;dGjo / ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] /fHosf ;66f ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] /fHo;Qf eGg] unt b[li6sf]0f :yflkt ug{ cg's"n cj;/ ldNof] . o;/L v|'Zr]esf] ;+zf]wgjfb :yflkt eof] . To;sf] k|efj ToxfFsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjdfly dfq k/]g ;du| ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbfd]ngdfly klg k¥of] . ctM ;dfhjfbL lzlj/ klg lj3l6t eof] . s|dzM ;g !(() ;Dd cfOk'Ubf v|'Zr]esf] ;+zf]wgjfb ;fdflhs ;fd|fHojfbdf ktg x'Fb} ;f]leot ;ª3sf] lj36gdf uP/ 6'ªluof] .
;f]leot ;ª3 ;+zf]wgjfb / ;fdflhs ;fd|fHojfbdf ktg ePkl5 Psflt/ ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf ;+zf]wgjfb xfaL x'Fb}uof] eg] csf{lt/ rLgdf dfcf]T;]t'ªsf g]t[Tjdf gofF hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg eof] . l66f]–v|'Zr]jsf g]t[Tjsf] gj;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 dfcf]n] dxfg ax; ;~rfng ub{} qmflGtsf] /Iff ug{'eof] / lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] l;4fGt ljsf; u/]/ ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf qmflGtsf/L wf/sf] g]t[Tj ug{'eof] .
k/Gt' dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] lgwg -!(&^_ kl5 5bd k'FhLjfbn] lz/ p7fof] / rLgdf klg ;+zf]wgjfb :yflkt eof] . o;/L ;+;f/af6} ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;Qf ljgi6 x'gk'Uof] . k/Gt' cem} klg dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbsf dfu{bz{gdf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ;dIf ;j{xf/f ju{ / ;a} >dhLjL hgtfnfO{ juL{o b[li6sf]0f / /fhgLlts r]tgf eb{}, ju{;ª3if{, qmflGtsf/L ;ªu7gdfkm{t ;ªul7t ub{} / 7f]; kl/l:yltsf] 7f]; ljZn]if0f ub{} qmflGtnfO{ ljhosf laGb';Dd k'¥ofpg zf]lift kLl8t hgtfsf] g]t[Tj ug{] kof{Kt cfwf/ ljBdfg 5g / xfdL;Fu g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;6Ls ljZn]if0f u/]/ tbg's"n g]t[Tj ub{} gofF hgjfbL qmflGtnfO{ 6'ªuf]df k'¥ofpg] bfloTj 5 .
g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x¿sf] lgDgk'FhLklt juL{o ju{;|f]t / ltgsf rl/qdf ljBdfg lgDgk'FhLjfbL k|j[lQsf sf/0f ltgsf cfr/0f / Jojxf/nfO{ ;j{xf/fs/0f ug{ sl7g ePsf] cj:yf / ljZj ;+zf]wgjfbsf] k|efj Jofks x'Fb} uPsf sf/0f g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng qmdzM gj;+zf]wgjfb, blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfb, pu|jfdkGyL b':;fx;jfb, oyfl:yltjfb / lj;h{gjfbdf ktg x'Fb} ;fªu7lgs ljv08g / pkef]QmfjfbL ck;F:s[ltsf hfndf kmF:b} uPsf] 5 . To:tf ljgfzsf/L k|j[lQnfO{ k/f:t ub{} dfS;{jfb, n]lggjfb–dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbsf cfnf]sdf g]kfndf gofF hgjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ub{} ;dfhnfO{ qmdzM j}1flgs ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfbL nIotkm{ cl3 a9fpg] P]ltxfl;s bfloTjnfO{ k"/f ug{ ljBdfg sl7gtd kl/l:yltdf klg g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ b[9 5 / slQ 8udufPsf] 5}g . To;sf nflu j}rfl/s ;r]t h'emf? g]tf sfo{stf{;lxtsf] ljlw;Da4 cg'zfl;t kf6L{sf] cfjZostf x'G5 . To:tf] cg'zf;g lzIff / k|lzIf0fåf/f k|fKt x'G5 . To;sf nflu kf6L{ :s'n ljefun] l;4fGt / gLltdf cfwfl/t kf7oqmd / lgb{]lzsf tof/ u/]sf] 5 .
cfhsf] o'u ktgf]Gd'v ;fd|fHojfb lj?4 ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf] o'u xf] . oBlk olta]nf ljZj ;fd|fHojfbn] Pl;of, Nofl6g cd]l/sf / clkm|sfsf cljsl;t / cNkljsl;t d'n'ssf zf]lift kLl8t hgtf / ToxfFsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;Dkbfdfly gj pklgj]zjfbsf] gj¿k ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx¿dfkm{t zf]if0fsf] ;3g hfnf] la5fPsf] 5 . tQt /fHosf k|zf;g / /fhgLltdf k|ToIf jf k/f]If x:tIf]k ub{} pBf]u Jofkf/sf] lghLs/0f / of]hgfj4 cy{tGqnfO{ pbf/jfbL v'nf ahf/sf] gLlt cjnDag ug{ / hgsNof0fsf/L gLlt kl/Tofu ub}{ cJoj:yf / a]/f]huf/L l;h{gf u/L o'jfx¿sf] af}l4s, zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s zf]if0fsf nflu ;fd|fHojfbL b]zdf a;fO;/fO ug{ afWo x'g] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ul/lbPsf] 5 . To;sf nflu ljZj ;fd|fHojfbn] tL cljsl;t, sdhf]/ / cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿nfO{ c;dfg k|lt:kwf{df pEofPsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng ;fd|fHojfbsf hfndf k/L ljZjel/ g} w/fzfoL x'Fb}x'Fb} uP/ xfn hgtfsf] ;dfhjfbL qmflGt hgtfnfO{ g} c;Dejk|foM h:tf] b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . To; r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]tª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbsf] of]hgfa4, ;xL, ;6Ls ljZn]if0f ub{} ;xL /0fgLlt / sfo{lbzf lgwf{/0f u/L blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfb, jfdkGyL pu|jfb, ljv08gjfb / lj;h{gjfbsf] cfnf]rgf / e08fkmf]/ ub{} ;j{xf/f >lds hgtfnfO{ j}rfl/s / rfl/lqs ¿kdf ;Ifd, ;an / b[9dgf]anzfnL agfP/ qmflGtdf 8f]¥ofpg' g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] tfTsflns bfloTj x'gcfPsf] 5 . ljZjd} qmflGtsf] kl/j]z k|lts"n ePsf cj:yfdf zf]lift kLl8t hgtfsf dgf]bzfdf JofKt ¿l9, cGwljZjf; / cj}1flgs lrGtk|0ffnLnfO{ x6fP/ ;a} lsl;dsf ljs[ltaf6 d'Qm ub{} k"0f{ cfTdljZjf;sf ;fy qmflGtdf ;dlk{t x'g k|]l/t ug{ / s'zn g]t[Tj k|bfg ug{ clt cfjZos 5 . oBlk d'n'sdf g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf slyt d"nwf/ elgg] kf6L{x¿n] km'6k/:t, /fhfjfbL, sfªu|];k/:t / ;+zf]wgjfbk/:t k|j[lQ cjnDag u/]sf e/df o'jfx¿df e|d 5l/lbPsf 5g h;n] o'jfx¿df qmflGtefj k}bf ug{ c;Dej 5 eGg] e|d kg{uPsf] 5 tyflk sd{jL/ lgi7fjfg JolQmsf nflu c;Dej eGg] s'g} rLh x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f huhfx]/ 5 .
qmflGtsf] ;kmntfsf nflu qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ x'g'k5{ / To;sf nflu nflu ;j{xf/fju{sf] cu|b:tf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] g]t[Tj x'g'k5{, cfjZos kbf{ hgtfsf] cfˆgf] ;]gf x'g'k5{ tyf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/faf6 k"0f{ lzlIft / k|lzlIft x'g' ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . dfgjhfltn] clxn];Dd k|fKt u/]sf] 1fglj1fg / k|ljlwsf ljsf;nfO{ cfTd;ft gu/L dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbsf] 1fg ck'/f]cw'/f] /xghfG5 . cfbz{ rl/q / Jofjxfl/stfsf cefjdf af}l4s 1fgsf] k|bz{g cf8Da/ dfq x}g cg'lrt klg x'ghfG5 . sDo'lgi6df ;du| 1fg e08f/sf] k"0f{, ;"Idtd / ljlzi6 1fg ;Dej gePklg Go"gtd ;fdfGo 1fg;Dd x'g' cfjZos x'G5 t/ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbsf] eg] ljlzi6 1fg xfl;n ug{}kg{] x'G5 . cfwfcw'/f] 1fg vt/gfs x'g;S5 -Little knowledge is a dangerous thing_ / To;n] qmflGtnfO{ bL3{sfnLg gsf/fTds k|efj kfg{;S5 eGg] s'/f xfd|f ;fd' 5n{ªu 5 .
åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb sf lgodfg';f/ k|s[ltdf ¿k ;f/df / ;f/ ¿kdf clg ;fdfGotf ljlzi6tfdf / ljlzi6tf ;fdfGotfdf kl/jt{g eO/xG5 . h;nfO{ ljk/Lt tTjsf] Pstf elgG5 . ctM Jojxf/nfO{ ;}4fGtLs/0f ug{] / l;4fGtnfO{ Jojxf/Ls/0f ub{} n}hfg'k5{ oxL åGåjfb xf] . To;}n] åGåjfb l;4fGt / Jojxf/ lar ;dfof]hgsf] k4lt / ljlw xf] . ;dfh / To; jl/kl/sf jftfj/0f / To;;Fusf] cGtå{Gåaf6 dflg;n] gofFgofF 1fg / cg'ej xfl;n ub{} cfˆgf hLjgdf 9fNb} hfG5 . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ qmflGtsf] xltof/ dfq geP/ cltl/Qm 1fg xfl;n ug{] Pp6f kf7zfnf klg xf] . o; s'/fnfO{ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf ;Dk"0f{ g]tf sfo{stf{ / >dhLjL hgtfn] dgg ug{' cfjZos 5 .
cfd >dhLjL hgtf klg sDo'lgi6 g]tf sfo{stf{sf lzIffsf ;|f]t x'g . ctM ltgaf6 Jofjxfl/s 1fg xfl;n u/]/ To;nfO{ ;}4fGtLs/0f ub{] k'gM hgtfnfO{ l;4fGtn] k|lzlIft ug{'klg åGåjfb xf] . jf:tljs 1fg Jojxf/, pTkfbgsf nflu ;ª3if{, ju{;ª3if{sf ;fydf j}1flgs cWoog, cg';Gwfg / k|of]uaf6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 . To;/L k|fKt 1fgåf/f ;'b[9 cfTdzlQm, sd{zLntf / cfTdljZjf;n] dfq nIo xfl;n x'g;S5 . ctM g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] :s"lnª ljefun] kf7oqmd lgb{]lzsf / ;~rfng ljlw tof/ u/]sf] 5 .
:s"nsf] :j¿k
;fdfGotM dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/fTds lzIffnfO{ txut ljefhg u/L kf7oqmd tof/ u/]/ k|lzIf0f sIffx¿ ;~rfng ul/g' plrt x'G5 . kf6L{sf ;a} txdf kf6L{n] ug{] gofF hgjfbL / ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf tfTsflns / bL3{sflns gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f u/L kf6L{sf ljwfg / 3f]if0ffkq cg';f/ k|lzIf0f / cg'udgsf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
cfjZostfg';f/ kf6L{ :s"nsf tLg tx lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 –s]Gb|Lo :s"n, k|fb]lzs :s"n / lhNnfut :s"n . oL :s"nx¿ ;DalGwt kf6L{ sld6L cGtu{t /xg]5g .
s]Gb|Lo :s"nn] dfWolds / pRr:t/sf lgoldt tyf cfjZostfg';f/ 3'Dt] lzlj/h:tf ljz]if sIff ;~rfng ug{]5 . k|fb]lzs :s"nn] ;fdfGotM k|fylds txsf sIff / cfjZostfg';f/ dfWolds txsf sIff tyf lhNnfn] k|fylds txsf sIff ;~rfng ug{]5 . To;afx]s s]Gb|Lo :s"nn] s]Gb|Lo / If]qLo txsf 3'DtL k|lzIf0f lzlj/ / ljz]if sIff ;~rfng ug{]5 eg] lhNnf :s"nn] cfjZostfg';f/ lhNnf / ;f]eGbf tn 3'DtL k|lzIf0f lzlj/ tyf ljz]if sIff ;~rfng ug{;Sg]5 .
cWoogsf txx¿–
qmflGtsf] cfjZostf / kf6L{ kªlQmsf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/cg';f/ cWoog cWofkgsf nflu lgDg $ tx lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5–
s_ k|fylds tx, v_ dfWolds tx, u_ pRr tx / 3_ cg';Gwfg tx .
pQm sIffx¿sf nflu lglZrt kf7oqmd tof/ ul/Psf] 5 eg] cg';Gwfg txsf nflu s'g} lglZrt kf7oqmd lgwf{l/t 5}g . cg';Gwfg txnfO{ kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo :s"nn] cfjZostfg';f/ ;~rfng ug{]5 .
k|lzIf0f ljlw M
!_ cWoog cWofkgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg k|lzIf0fsf ljljw ljlwx¿ k|of]u ul/g]5 . h:t}M k|jrg, k|Zgf]Q/, 5nkmn, cGt/lqmof, k|of]u, cEof;af6 l;sfO, >Job[Zo / e|d0f cflb .
@_ x/]s txsf :s"n ljefun] k|lzIfssf] Joj:yf lgDgfg';f/ ug{]5 M lhNnf :s"nljefun] k|f/lDes sIff ;~rfng ug{ lhNnf kf6L{ sld6L;Fu ;dGjo ug{]5 . k|b]z :s"n ljefun] k|b]z kf6L{ sld6L;Fu ;dGjo u/L k|lzIfssf] Joj:yf u/]/ k|fylds÷k|f/lDes txsf] sIff ;~rfng ug{]5 / ljz]if cj:yfdf dfWolds txsf] sIff ;~rfng ug{ rfx]df To;sf nflu s]Gb|Lo sld6L;Fu ;dGjo ug{'kg{]5 . s]Gb|Lo :s'n ljefun] dfWolds, pRr tx jf cg';Gwfg txsf sIffx¿ ;~rfng ug{ s]Gb|Lo sld6L;Fu ;dGjo u/L k|lzIfssf] Joj:yf ug{'kg{]5 .
#_ kf7oqmdleqsf] ljifo jf cGo vf; ljifodf ljz]if bIftf ePsf JolQmnfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ kf6L{ kªlQm aflx/af6 klg cfdGq0f ug{ ;lsg]5 t/ To; qmddf ;ªu7gsf] uf]kgLotf eªu x'g] cj:yf cfpg lbgx'g]5}g .
$_ sIff ;~rfngsf] :yfg, ;dofjlw, k|lzIffyL{ ;ªVof / cGo cfjZos k|fljlws ljifosf ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt txsf :s"n ljefun] ;DalGwt txsf kf6L{ sld6L;Fu ;+of]hg u/L lg0f{o ul/g]5 .
%_ lhNnf / k|b]z ljefun] lgwf{l/t u/]sf k|lzIfs / k|lzIf0f sfo{sf] cg'udg lg/LIf0f s]Gb|Lo :s"n ljefu jf To;n] v6fPsf JolQmn] ug{]5 eg] s]Gb|Lo :s'n ljefun] lgwf{l/t u/]sf k|lzIf0f k|lzIfssf] cg'udg lg/LIf0f eg] kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Ln] ug{]5 .
^_ k|lzIf0f sfo{sf nflu cfjZos ;fdu|L / cGo cfjZos vr{sf] Joj:yf ;DalGwt txsf] :s"n ljefu jf k|lzIf0f cfof]hs kIfn] ug{]5 .
&_ 3'DtL lzlj/ jf ljz]if sIffsf cfjZostfsf] d"Nofªsg ;DalGwt txsf] kf6L{ sld6Ln] ug{]5 / ;DalGwt :s"n ljefu;Fu ;Nnfx u/L of]hgf agfOg]5 .
k|lzIf0fdf ;xeflutfsf nflu cfwf/x¿ M
!_ k|fylds tx M
s_ kf6L{ / hgjuL{o ;ªu7gsf ;dy{s / z'elrGtsx¿, v_ k|ult / kl/jt{gsf kIfw/ lh1f;' cfd hg;d'bfo, u_ k|f/lDes kf6L{ ;b:ox¿, ;b:otfsf pDd]bjf/x¿ / cfj4tfkq k|fKt JolQmx¿, 3_ hgjuL{o ;ªu7gsf Onfsf tyf lhNnf:t/Lo ;b:ox¿, / ª_ lhNnf kf6L{n] plrt 7fg]sf cGo JolQmx¿ .
@_ dfWolds tx M
s_ kf6L{sf] k|fb]lzs sld6Lsf ;b:ox¿, v_ kf6L{ lhNnf ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿, u_ hgjuL{o ;ªu7gsf lhNnfl:yt k|fb]lzs ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ / s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿, 3_ k|fylds txsf] k|lzIf0fdf efu lnO{ tf]lsPsf] ;}4flGts tyf ;fªu7lgs sfo{ k"/f u/]sf k|lzIffyL{x¿, / ª_ kf6L{ s]Gb|sf ;xdltdf s]Gb|Lo :s"nljefun] cfjZos 7fg]sf JolQmx¿ .
#_ pRrtx M
s_ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf ;a} ;b:ox¿, v_ lhNnf kf6L{ sld6Lsf ;a} ;b:ox¿, u_ kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo :s'n ljefusf ;b:ox¿, 3_ hgjuL{o ;ªu7gsf ;a} s]Gb|Lo kbflwsf/Lx¿, ª_ dfWolds txsf k|lzIf0fdf efu lnO{ tf]lsPsf] ;}4flGts / ;fªu7lgs sfo{ k"/f u/]sf kbflwsf/x¿, r_ kf6L{ s]Gb|n] cGo ljleGg txsf k|lzIfs agfpg v6fOPsf JolQmx¿, 5_ kf6L{ s]Gb|sf ;xdltdf s]Gb|Lo :s"n ljefun] cfjZos 7fg]sf JolQmx¿ .
$_ cg';Gwfg tx M
s_ s'g} klg ljifodf uxg cWoog ug{ rfxg] kf6L{ ;b:ox¿ / hgjuL{o ;ªu7gdf lhDd]jf/ txdf /x]sf ;b:ox¿, v_ ljlzi6 cg';Gwfg ug{ rfxg] JolQmx¿, u_ s'g} vf; ljifodf cWoog ug{ jf vf; ljifosf nflu kf6L{ s]Gb|åf/f k|lzIfs lgo'Qm ePsf JolQmx¿ .
%_ ljljw M
s_ s'g} klg txsf k|lzIffyL{n] cfkm"n] lgodtM :jLs[lt kfpg] txeGbf tNnf]txb]lv cWoog ug{ rfx]df To:tf JolQmnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
v_ kf6L{l;t ;Da4 g/x]sf jf kf6L{aflx/sf JolQmn] kf6L{ :s"ndf cWoog ug{ rfx]df ;DalGwt txsf kf6L{ ;ldltn] :jLs[lt lbPsf] x'g'kg{]5 .
^_ p2]Zo / kf7oqmdaf/] s]xL yk s'/f M
s_ hgjuL{o ;ªu7gx¿sf nflu ;}4flGts, j}rfl/s / /fhgLlts ljifoafx]s pgLx¿sf ;ªu7g jf ;fd'bflos ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt kf7oqmd tof/ 5}g t/ cfjZostfg';f/ ltgsf k|lzIf0fsf nflu pQm kf7oqmd ;}4flGts / /fhgLlts ljifo jf cGo cfjZos ljifoaf/] kf7oqmd kf7oof]hgf tof/ ug{;lsg]5 .
v_ kf7oqmddf ;dflji6 ljifoafx]s :s"n ljefun] cfjZos 7fg]/ rnfpg'kg{] k|lzIf0fsf cGo y'k|} ljifo x'g;Sg] ePsfn] To:tf ljifo cfjZostf cg';f/ kf7oqmddf yk ub{} nlug]5 .
u_ ;a} txut kf7oqmdnfO{ cfjZos x'g] ;fGble{s k':tsx¿sf] ;"rL :s"n ljefun] tof/ kf/]sf] …kf7oqmd lgb{]lzsfÚsf cGTodf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
3_ kf6L{leq leGg dtsf ljifox¿nfO{ ;DalGwt :s"n ljefusf lg0f{oaf6 :jLs[t u/L leGg ljrf/x¿nfO{ klg tn;Dd k'¥ofpg] u/L k|lzIf0f ;~rfng ug{;lsg]5 .
ª_ s'g} txsf] kf7qmddf tf]lsPsf ljifodf k|lzIf0f rnfpgsf nflu ;DalGwt txsf] :s"n ljefun] ;do / Joj:yfkgsf] cj:yf x]/L Psk6sdf slt s'g s'g ljifo /fVg] egL k[ys kf7oof]hgf agfpg ;Sg]5 .
! k|fylds tx M
o; txdf k|lzIffyL{x¿nfO{ j}1flgs tyf åGåfTds / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL b[li6sf]0f lgdf{0f ug{] sfo{df cled'vLs/0f ug{ ¿l9 / cGwljZjf; x6fpFb} k|ultzLn kl/jt{gd'vL 1fgsf nflu lh1f;' aGg] k|]/0ff lbOg]5 . k|s[lt / ;dfhdf 36g] s]xL ;fdfGo 36gf jf cj:yfx¿ / ltgsf j}1flgs sf/0faf/] hfgsf/L u/fOg]5 . h:t} M cGtl/If, tf/fd08n, k[YjL, kfgL kg{', ljh'nL rlDsg', r6ofª, e"sDk, Hjfnfd'vL, u|x0f, dfgj hflt, wd{, kfk, k'0o, wfdLemfFqmL, hGd, h/f, d[To', :ju{ gs{, wgL / u/La x'gfsf sf/0f tyf Gofo, cGofo, g}lts, cg}lts cflb .
To:t} M JolQm, ;dfh, /fhgLlt, ju{, kf6L{, ;ª3if{, kl/jt{g, qmflGt, Tofu, ;dk{0f, dfgj clwsf/ tyf kf6L{sf gLlt / sfo{qmdsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fOg]5 . ljZjsf dxfg JolQm, qmflGtsf/L g]tfx¿sf hLjgL, P]ltxfl;s qmflGtsf 36gfqmd, /fli6«o ;ª3if{ tyf cfGbf]ngsf k|]/0ffbfoL 36gfx¿sf] ljj/0f cflb atfP/ pgLx¿nfO{ qmflGt / kl/jt{gk|lt hfu?s u/fOg]5 .
! kf7oqmdsf] p2]Zo M
o; txdf k|lzIffyL{n] lgDg s'/fsf] 1fg xfl;n ug{]5g M
s= dfgj ;dfh ljsf;sf qmddf b]vfk/]sf Joj:yfx¿ / ;dfhsf] cu|ufdL lbzf . v= g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/q / To;sf] juL{o ;+/rgf . u= gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf] cfjZostf tyf ;dfhjfb -/ ;fDojfbL_ Joj:yfsf] kl/ro . 3= g]kfnsf /fhgLlts kf6L{ / zlQmx¿sf] kl/ro . ª= dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbsf] cfwf/e"t 1fg . r= g]kfnL qmflGtsf] rl/q . 5= g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;sf vf; vf; df]8x¿sf] kl/ro . h= ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf; . em= g]skfsf] d"ne"t gLlt / sfo{qmd . `= hg;ª3if{, ;ªu7g lgdf{0f, kl/rfng / cg'udg ljlw tyf ;ª3if{sf sfo{qmdx¿ . 6= s]xL /fhgLlt / cy{zf:q ;DaGwL zAb / ljifosf] 1fg .
@ kf7oqmd
s= ;dfh ljsf;qmd M
!_ cflbd ;fDojfbL ;dfhsf] kl/ro . @_ kl/jf/, lghL;DklQ / /fHosf] pTklQ . #_ kl/jf/sf ¿kx¿sf] hfgsf/L . $_ bf;o'usf] kl/ro . %_ ;fdGtjfbL o'usf] kl/ro . ^_ k'FhLjfbL o'usf] kl/ro . &_ z'4 k'FhLjfbL ;dfh clgjfo{ ¿kdf ;dfhjfbdf hfg] tYo . *_ gofF hgjfb, ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfbsf ljz]iftfx¿ .
v= g]kfnsf] Oltxf;, ljBdfg ;dfh / juL{o ;+/rgf M
!_ g]kfnsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf; . @_ ljBdfg g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/q . #_ ljleGg ju{x¿sf] ljZn]if0f . $_ ljleGg hft, hghflt, blntsf] kl/ro / cj:yf .
u= g]kfnsf /fhgLlts zlQm tyf kf6L{x¿sf] kl/ro M
!_ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ . @_ g]skf -d;fn_ . #_ g]skf -dfS;{jfbL_ . $_ dfcf]jfbL -Pstf_ s]Gb| . %_ g]skf -Pdfn]_ . ^_ g]skf ;+o'Qm–dfS;{jfbL . &_ g]skf -dfn]_ . *_ g]skf -;+o'Qm_ . (_ g]dlskf . !)_ g]kfnL sfªu|]; . !!_ /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{ . !@_ g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{ . !#_ /fk|kf g]kfn, !$_ /fli6«o hgtf kf6L{ . !%_ hgclwsf/ kmf]/d . !^_ t/fO dw]z nf]stflGqs kf6L{ . !&_ g]kfn ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ / !*_ cGo ljleGg ;;fgf /fhgLlts bnx¿ .
3= gofF hgjfb, ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfb M
!_ gofF hgjfbL qmflGt . @_ k'/fgf] k'FhLjfbL qmflGt / gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf lar cGt/ . #_ gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf] g]t[TjbfoL ju{, cfwf/e"t ju{, ldq / ;xof]uL zlQmx¿ . $_ b'Zdg zlQm / ltgsf] rl/q . %_ ls;fg / s[lif qmflGtsf ;d:ofx¿ . ^_ gofF hgjfbL Joj:yf M ;ªqmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf–gofF k|sf/sf] k'FhLjfbL qmflGt / ;dfhjfbsf] k|fylds r/0f . &_ g]kfndf gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf ;Defjgf / cfwf/x¿ .
ª= dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbsf] 1fg M
!_ sfn{dfS;{ / km|]8l/s Pªu]N;sf] hLjgL . @_ åGåfTds P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb #_ dfS;{jfb . $_ Enflbld OlNor n]lgg / h] eL :6flngsf] hLjgL . %_ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb . ^_ dfcf]T;]tªsf] hLjgL . &_ dfS;{–n]lgg–dfcf]T;]t'ªljrf/wf/f . *_ dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf . (_ dfS;{–n]lgg–dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f / dfn]dfjfbdf cGt/ . !)_ ax'bnLo hgjfb s;/L dfS;{ n]lgg dfcf]ljrf/wf/fsf lj?4 5 < !!_ ;+zf]wgjfb lj?4 dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f .
r= ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf; M
k'FhLjfbsf] ljsf; / dhb"/ cfGbf]ngsf] k[i7e"ld . @_ sDo'lgi6 nLusf] u7g / sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ffkq . #_ k|yd cGt/f{li6«ob]lv t];|f] cGt/f{li6«o;Ddsf] l:ylt / To; cjlwdf cj;/jfb;Fusf] ;ª3if{ . $_ ?;L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / dxfg cS6f]a/ ;dfhjfbL qmflGt . %_ rLgsf] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / gofF hgjfbL qmflGt . ^_ leotgfd, So'af, sf]l/of / k"jL{ o'/f]ksf qmflGtx¿ . &_ k]?sf] hgo'4 / To;sf] jt{dfg cj:yf . *_ Ol08ofsf] gS;njf8L cfGbf]ng / To;sf] jt{dfg cj:yf .
5= g]skfsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf; M
!_ g]skf u7gsf] k[i6e"ld . @_ g]skfsf] u7gb]lv k|yd dxflej]zg;Dd . #_ @)!)–@)!& sf cjlwlar cj;/jfbsf] pbo .
$_ b/eªuf Kn]gdb]lv t];|f] dxflwj]zg;Ddsf] cGt;{ª3if{ . %_ k'gu{7gsf # k|oTgx¿ -k'iknfn, sf]cl8{g]zg s]Gb| / s]Gb|Lo Go'lSno;sf k|oTg_ ^_ rf}yf] dxflwj]zgsf] wf/ / To;sf] k|ltlqmofjfbL / cj;/jfbLx¿;Fu cGt;{ª3if{ . &_ g] s kf -d;fn_ / g] s kf -Pstf s]Gb|_ sf] Pstf / k'glj{efhg . *_ g] s kf -Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn dxflwj]zg cfof]hs ;ldlt lgdf{0f_ . (_ g] s kf -Pdfn]_ sf] ljefhg . !)_ g] s kf -dfn]df s]Gb|_ sf] ljefhg . !!_ g]skf -tby{_ sf] lgdf{0f . !@_ g] s kf -Pstfs]Gb|–d;fn, dxflwj]zg cfof]hs ;ldlt_ / g]skf -tby{_ lar PsLs/0f tyf g] s kf -g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ PsLs[t d;fn s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldlt_ lgdf{0f . !#_ g] s kf -Pstfs]Gb| d;fn, s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldlt_, g] s kf -dfn]_ / g] s kf -dfn]df–s]Gb|_ lar PsLs/0f tyf g] s kf -PsLs[t_ sf] k'gu{7g / To;sf] sfo{qmd, ;ªu7g / ljefhg . !$_ g] s kf sf] kyk|bz{s l;4fGt . !%_ g] s kf sf] sfo{qmd, sfo{lbzf tyf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt . !^_ g] s kf sf] ;ªu7gfTds l;4fGt . !&_ g] s kf sf] kf6L{ ;+/rgf / hgjuL{o ;ªu7gx¿ . !*_ g] s kf sf] kf6L{ Pstf, ;+o'Qmdf]rf{ / ;xsfo{ ;DaGwL gLlt . !(_ g] s kf sf] dlxnf, cNk;ªVos hftL, hghflt, blnt / cGo pTkLl8t hg;d'bfo;DaGwL gLlt . @)_ g] s kf sf] cGt/f{li6o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng;DaGwL b[li6sf]0f . @!_ g] s kf sf] 7f]; sfo{qmd . @@_ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ sf] cGt/f{li6«o efOrf/f ;DaGw cflb .
h= hg;Dks{, ;ªu7g lgdf{0f / kl/rfng;DaGwL sfo{ M
!_ ljleGg ju{ / ;d'bfosf lardf hfg] tl/sf . @_ ;ªu7g lgdf{0f, kl/rfng / cg'udgdf Wofg lbg' kg{] s'/f . #_ a}7s ;~rfng, gLlt lgdf{0f / lg0f{o ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg{] s'/f . $_ ;ª3if{sf ljleGg ¿k / ltgsf] ;ªu7g / Joj:yfkg k|lqmof .
em= /fhgLlts cy{zf:q;DaGwL s]xL zAbx¿sf] kl/rofTds 1fg M
h:t} M 1_ j:t', @_ dfn, #_ ahf/, %_ d'b|f, ^_ bfd, &_ gfkmf, *_ >d, (_ >dzlQm, !)_ k'FhL, !!_ Aofh, !@_ pTkfbg, !#_ pkef]u, !$_ pkof]lutf, !%_ ljlgdo, !^_ k|lt:kwf{, !&_ Psflwsf/, !*_ ;fd|fHojfb, !(_ pTkfbg ;fwg, @)_ pTkfbs zlQm, @!_ pTkfbg ;DaGw, @@_ ljt/0f, @#_ cfwf/, @$_ pkl/;+/rgf, @%_ k|ltJolQm cfo, @^_ cltl/Qm d"No, @&_ cfjZos >d, @*_ cltl/Qm >d, @(_ ;fk]If Hofnf, #)_ lg/k]If Hofnf, #!_ ljQLo k'FhL, #@_ cf}Bf]lus k'FhL, ##_ l:y/ k'FhL, #$_ rn k'FhL, #%_ s'n gfkmf, #^_ v'b gfkmf, #&_ cf}Bf]lus ;ªs6, #*_ k|yd ;~ro, #(_ >dsf] d"No, $)_ >dsf] j:t', $!_ k'FhLlgj]z, $@_ Aofn]G;, $#_ pkh, $$_ n]vfk|0ffnL, $%_ ljQLo cNktGq, $^_ /fhsLo cy{tGq, $&_ cltl/Qm >dsf] zf]if0f, $*_ cfjZos >dsfn, $(_ cltl/Qm >dsfn, %)_ >dsf] j:t', %!_ pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf;;DaGwL åGåfTds ;dembf/L, cflb .
@
dfWolds tx
!= kf7oqmdsf] p2]Zo M
o; txsf kf7oqmdaf6 k|lzIffyL{n] lgDg s'/faf/] 1fg xfl;n ug{;Sg]5g M
s= ;dfh ljsf;sf sf/stTj, v= åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL bz{g, u= g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljsf;qmd / Oltxf;sf k|d'v 36gfx¿, 3= g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;, ª= ljZjsDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf dxTjk"0f{ 36gfx¿ / k|j[lQx¿, r= ;+:s[lt / ;flxTosf] kl/efiff / dxTj clg ltgsf] ;dfh kl/jt{gdf e"ldsf, 5= /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] k|f/lDes 1fg / cy{zf:qsf s]xL k|rlnt zAbx¿sf] 1fg, h= g]kfnsf /fhgLlts zlQmx¿sf] t'ngfTds cWoog, em= ;ªu7g / ;ª3if{sf sfo{qmd Joj:yfkgsf] Ifdtf clea[l4 / `= n]lggjfbL ;ªu7gfTds l;4fGt / hgjuL{o ;ªu7gx¿df kf6L{sf] sfd .
@= kf7oqmd M
s= ;dfhsf] ljsf;qmd M afFb/af6 dflg;df ;ªqmd0fdf >dsf] e"ldsf
!_ cflbd ;fDojfbL ;dfh M
;dfh ljsf;sf ljleGg r/0fx¿sf] 1fg . cy{Joj:yf÷pTkfbg ;DaGw . kl/jf/sf] 9fFrf . kl/jf/df dlxnfx¿sf] l:ylt . cflbd ;fDojfbL ;dfhsf] ktgsf sf/0f .
@_ bf;o'u M
k|d'v ljz]iftf . cy{Joj:yf÷pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] :j¿k . /fHo;Qfsf] :j¿k . bf;o'u 9Ngfsf sf/0f . ;ª3if{sf 36gfx¿ .
#_ ;fdGtL o'u M
k|d'v ljz]iftf . cy{Joj:yf / pTkfbg ;DaGw . /fHo;Qfsf] :j¿k . kl/jf/sf] 9fFrf . ;fdGtL o'usf] ktgsf sf/0f . ;ª3if{sf 36gfx¿ .
$_ k'FhLjfbL o'u M
k|d'v ljz]iftf . cy{Joj:yf / pTkfbg ;DaGw . /fHo;Qfsf] :j¿k . kl/jf/sf] 9fFrf . ;ª3if{sf 36gfx¿ .
%_ j}1flgs ;dfhjfb M
s_ k|d'v ljz]iftf . pTkfbg ;DaGw . /fHo;Qf / kl/jf/sf] 9fFrf .
v_ ljleGg ;fdflhs ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg . ;fDojfbL ;dfh kl/sNkgfsf] lrq .
u_ ju{;ª3if{sf] s8L / hgjfbL tyf ;dfhjfbL clwgfosTj .
^_ bz{g M
s_ bz{gsf] kl/ro, bz{gsf cfwf/e"t k|Zg M c_ s'g k|fylds xf]– e"t b|Jo jf r]tgf . a|Xdf08 Pp6} 5 jf cg]s . a|Xdf08 1]o 5 jf c1]o .
v_ k|Toojfbsf wf/fx¿ M efjjfb÷cfbz{jfb, clwe"tjfb, cWofTdjfb, å}tjfb / cå}tjfb cflb .
u_ df;{jfb M c_ dfS;{jfb ljsf;sf] k[i7e"ld
M hd{g bz{g, a[l6z cy{zf:q / k|mfG;]nL ;dfhjfb, kmfo/afvsf] cfbz{jfbL ef}ltsjfb / lxu]nsf] cfbz{jfbL åGåjfb, cf_ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbsf] ljsf;qmd, O_ dfS;{jfbsf tLg ;ª36s cªux¿ M s_ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf cfwfe"t lgodx¿ M != ljk/Ltx¿sf] Pstfsf] lgod M dfqf÷j:t'af6 u'0f÷;f/df / u'0f÷;f/af6 dfqf÷j:t'df ¿kfGt/0f, @= lgif]wsf] lgif]wsf] lgod, #= c+z / k"0f{, $= ;Defjgf / oyfy{tf, %=lg/Gt/tf / cfsl:dstf, ^=ljz]if, Joli6 / ;dli6, &= qmdeªutf / 5nfª, *= ¿k / ;f/, (= afXo / cfGtl/s, !)= j:t'ut / cfTdut, !!= cfef;÷e|d / oyfy{, !@= e"t b|Jo / ult, !#= sf/0f / sfo{, !$= ;+of]u / clgjfo{tf, !%= l:y/tf / ultzLntf, !^= j:t'ut / cfTdut .
3_ lxu]nLo cfbz{jfbL] åGåjfbsf] kl/ro / cfnf]rgfTds cWoog .
ª_ kmfo/afvsf] cfbz{jfbL ef}ltsjfbsf] kl/ro / cfnf]rgfTds cWoog .
r_ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbsf k|d'v ljz]iftf / lgisif{ .
5_ cfbz{jfb / ef}ltsjfbsf lar cGt/ .
h_ clwe"tjfb / ef}ltsjfblar cGt/ .
em_ cå}tjfb / å}tjfblar cGt/ .
`_ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb / oflGqs ef}ltjfbdf cGt/ .
&= dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbnfO{ s;/L a'‰g]< dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf . dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f / dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb / dfcf]jfbdf cGt/ -dfcf]T;]t'ªsf of]ubfgnfO{ jfb dfGg] jf gdfGg]af/] k|Zg_ . ax'bnLo hgjfb s;/L dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfbsf ljk/Lt -;+zf]wgjfb_ xf]< ;+zf]wjfblj?4 dfS;{jfb n]lgjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfb .
*_ g]kfnsf] Oltxf; M
c_ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljsf;qmd / Oltxf;, cf_ g]kfn pkTosfsf zf;sx¿ -uf]kfn j+z, dlxifkfn j+z, ls/fFt / lnR5lj_ sf] kl/ro, O_ cfo{hfltsf] k|j]z / v;/fHosf] lgdf{0f, O{_ k"jL{ t/fOsf] ldlynf /fHo / klZrd t/fOsf caw cflb /fHox¿, p_ ls/fFt k|b]zsf sljnf /fHox¿, pm_ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf lnR5lj / dNnsf] k|j]z / pgLx¿sf] zf;g Joj:yf -/fHo, e"ld, cy{, ;+:s[lt, efiff, Gofo Joj:yf_ sf] kl/ro, P_ afO;] rf}la;] /fHox¿, uf]vf{nL cfqmd0f / /fHo lj:tf/sf] cleofg, P]_ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] PsLs[t / s]Gb|Ls[t zf;g k|0ffnL, cf]_ lxGb' clw/fHo / wd{lg/k]If /fHolar cGt/ .
(_ ljZjsf] Oltxf; M
ljZjsf k|d'v ;Eotfx¿sf] kl/ro M /f]d, l;Gw'3f6L, ld>, d];f]kf]6fldof, PH6]s, dfof / ltofg x'cfsf] kl/ro cflb . cf_ ;fd|fHojfb cGtu{t ljsl;t k|d'v ;fd|fHox¿sf] kl/ro, O_ k'FhLjfbsf] ljsf; / a]nfotL pklgj]zjfb, O{_ k]l/; sDo'g, p_ k|yd ljZjo'4, bf];|f] ljZjo'4 / ;dfhjfbL /fHosf] pbo, pm_ ljZj ;dfhjfbL lzlj/sf] :yfkgf .
!)_ ;flxTo, snf / ;+:s[lt M
s_ ;+:s[tsf] kl/ro, v_ ef}ltsjfbL ;+:s[lt / cfWofTdjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] kl/ro / tL b'j}sf lar cGt/, u_ ;+:s[ltsf cªu pkfªux¿, 3_ k|]d, ljjfx, k/Dk/fut /Lltl:ylt / g}ltstf;DaGwL dfS;{jfbL cjwf/0ff . ª_ ;flxTosf] kl/efiff, r_ ljZj / g]kfnsf k|d'v ;flxlTos wf/fx¿sf] kl/ro, 5_ g]kfnL k|ultjfbL ;flxTosf] ljsf;, jt{dfg cj:yf, h_ snfsf] kl/ro, em_ snfsf] kIfw/tf, `_ lj1fg / snfsf] cGt;{DaGw, 6_ ljleGg hft, hflt, If]q, lnªu / efiff cflbl;t ;DalGwt ;flxTo, snf / ;+:s[ltlar cGt;{DaGw, 7_ snf snfsf nflusf] cjwf/0ff / juL{o kIfw/ snfsf lar cGt/lj/f]w, ju{lg/k]If ;flxTo / ju{;fk]If ;flxTosf lar cGtlj{/f]w tyf hftLo ;+:s[ltsf] klxrfg / /Iff tyf juL{o ;+:s[lt / hftLo ;+:s[ltlarsf] cGtlj{/f]w .
!!_ ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng M
c_ ;g !*$% k"j{sf dhb"/ cfGbf]gx¿, cf_ sDo'lgi6 nLu u7g, O_ sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ffkq, O{_ k|yd OG6/g]zgn, p_ bf];|f] OG6/g]zgn, pm_ k]l/; sDo'g, C_ dxfg cS6f]a/ ;dfhjfbL qmflGt, C[_ t];|f] OG6/g]zgn, P_ lrlgofF gofF hgjfbL qmflGt, P]_ ljZj ;dfhjfbL lzlj/, cf]_ ;+zf]wgjfb÷gj ;+zf]wgjfb, cf}_ dxfljjfb, c+_ rLgsf] dxfg ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt, cM_ ;f]leot ;ª3df ;+zf]wgjfbsf] pbo, s_ ljZj ;dfhjfbL lzlj/sf] lj36g, v_ rLgdf k'FhLjfbsf] :yfkgf, u_ bf];|f] ljZjo'4, sDo'lgi6 cGt/f{li6«osf] lj36g, sldgkmd{sf] lgdf{0f / :k]gsf] qmflGtk|lt :6flngsf] e"ldsf ;DaGwL cGtlj{/f]w, 3_ ;dfhdf cGt/ ju{x¿ / ju{;ª3if{sf] k|Zg, ª_ l/d / h]l;hL, r_ k]?sf] hgo'4 / To;sf jt{dfg l:yltsf] ;dLIff, Ol08ofsf] gS;njfbL cfGbf]ng / To;sf] cj:yfut ;dLIff, 5_ Nofl6g cd]l/sL b]zx¿sf qmflGtdf r] Uj]jf/fsf] e"ldsf tyf ltgdf ;fd|fHojfbL nx/ / ToxfFsf sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] ;dLIff, h_ So'jf, sf]l/ofdf qmflGtsf] l:ylt .
!@_ g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng M
s_ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] u7g k|lqmof, v_ g]skfsf] u7g @))^ ;fn, u_ ;+:yfksx¿ / ;+:yfkgDaGwL ljjfb, 3_ @))^ b]lv @)!) ;fn;Dd, ª_ k|yd dxflwj]zb]lv t];|f] dxflwj]zg;Dd, r_ g]skfsf] ljefhg, 5_ g]skf ljefhgsf sf/0fx¿, h_ qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng k'gu{7gsf k|of;x¿, em_ k'iknfnsf] k'gu{7g k|oTg / k'glj{efhg, `_ s]Gb|Lo Go'lSno; / rf}yf] dxflwj]zgsf] k|oTg tyf ltgsf] ljefhg, 6_ emfkf cfGbf]ng / sf]–cl8{g]zg s]Gb|sf] k|oTg / To;sf] ljefhg, 7_ sDo'lgi6 Pstfsf ljleGg k|oTg, 8_ dfcf]T;]t'ªljrf/wf/f, gofF hgjfb / ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj;DaGwL ljjfb, 9_ /fli6«o hgjfb, ax'bnLo hgjfb -/ @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfb_ sf] ;f/tTj M ;j{xf/f ju{sf] g]t[Tj, hgjfbL clwgfosTj / ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] lj/f]w, 0f_ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f ;~rflnt !) jif{] ;z:q ;ª3if{sf] ;dLIff, t_ dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb dfcf]T;]t'ªljrf/wf/f tyf dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb / dfcf]jfblarsf] cGt/, y_ ax'bnLo hgjfb dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb / dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f lj/f]wL xf] .
!#_ g]kfnsf /fhgLlts zlQmxsf] cWoog M
c_ ;fdGtL bnfn gf]s/zfxL k'FhLkltju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug{] /fhgLlts zlQmx¿, cf_ k'g?TyfgjfbL zlQmx¿, O_ k|ltufdL /fhgLlts zlQmx¿, O{_ k'FhLjfbL zlQmx¿, p_ lgDgk'FhLjfbL tTj, pm_ cj;/jfbL zlQmx¿, C_ qmflGtsf/L zlQmx¿, P_ ;j{xf/f ju{sf] :jtGq /fhgLlts kf6L{ .
!$_ ;ªu7g / ;ª3if{sf] Joj:yfkg M
s_ hg;Dks{, v_ hgtfsf ;d:ofx¿sf] cWoog, u_ ;ªu7g ug{] tl/sf, 3_ juL{o, hftLo, n}ªlus, eflifs jf If]qLo ;d'bflos lxtsf ;ª3if{nfO{ /fhgLlts ;ª3if{df kl/0ft ug{] k|Zg, ª_ ;'wf/jfbL / qmflGtsf/L ;ª3if{sf] Joj:yfkg / ;dfof]hg, r_ hg;ª3if{ / ;z:q ;ª3if{, 5_ l/kf]6{ ;ªsng / k|rf/ sfo{, h_ Jojl:yt a}7s ;~rfng / of]hgfj4 sfo{;Dkfbg, em_ sfof{no Joj:yfkg, `_ n]vf .
!%_ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ M
c_ /fhgLlts k|ltj]bg, cf_ ljwfg, O_ cfwf/kq, O{_ sfo{qmd, p_ lgodfjnL, pm_ p2]Zo M cfwf/e"t÷Go"gtd / clwstd p2]Zo, C_ dfu{bz{s l;4fGt, P_ ;f+:s[lts ¿kfGt/0f, P]_ /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt, cf]_ tfTsflns / bL3{sflns ;ª3if{sf sfo{qmdx¿, cf}_ /fHosf] gofF ;ª3Lo ;+/rgf, c+_ s]Gb| / k|b]zsf cGtlj{/f]wx¿ cM_ cfTdlg0f{osf] l;4fGtsf cfwf/df tyf cljefHo, cv08 / ;fj{ef}ld;Qf;DkGg hftLo / If]qLo :jzf;g;lxtsf] ;ª3Lo gofF ;+/rgf;DaGwL b[li6sf]0f, s_ hg;'/Iff;DaGwL b[li6sf]0f .
!^_ /fhgLlts cy{zf:q M
s_ /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] ljifoj:t', v_ /fhgLlts cy{zf:qdf sfn{dfS;{sf] b]g, u_ d"No;h{s M >d, 3_ >dsf] bf]xf]/f] :j¿k M clgjfo{ >d / cltl/Qm >d tyf cltl/Qm >dsf] zf]if0f / cltl/Qm d"No, ª_ cltl/Qm d"Nosf] l;4fGt, r_ k"FhLjfbL pTkfbg k|0ffnL, 5_ k'FhLjfbL pTkfbg k|0ffnLcGtu{t pTkfbg ;DaGw / pTkfbs zlQmx¿larsf] cGtlj{/f]w, h_ cfwf/ / pkl/ ;+/rgf tyf ltgLx¿sf larsf] cGtlj{/f]w, em_ k'FhLjfbsf cGtlj{/f]wx¿, `_ ;fd|fHojfb, 6_ zf]if0f cem tLj| kfg{] ;fd|fHojfbL cy{gLlt M e"d08nLs/0f, pbf/Ls/0f / lghLs/0f tyf cJoj:yf, 7_ ;dfhjfbL pTkfbgsf] p2]Zo / pTkfbg ;DaGwsf] ¿kfGt/0f, 8_ pTkfbs zlQmx¿sf] åGåfTds l:ylt, 9_ ;f]leot cy{tGqsf] ;dLIff tyf ;fª3fO kf7ok':tssf] cWoog, 0f_ k'FhLsf] cWoog .
!&_ s]xL j}1flgs tYox¿ M
s_ k/df0f', c0f', tTj, of}lus, v_ sf]if, tGt', u|lGy / z/L/sf ljleGg cjojxsf] sfo{k|0ffnL . v_ zlQm, ljB't, tfk, Wjlg, r'Das cflb . u_ Pssf]ifLo, ax'sf]ifLo hLj, ;/L;[k, kªIfL, :tgwf/L, hnr/, peor/ cflb . 3_ k|fylds pkrf/;DaGwL ;fdfGo 1fg .
!*_ gjLtd j}1flgs vf]h M
c_ ljB'tLo ;~rf/ M sDKo'6/, Od]n, OG6/g]6, ˆofS; / e"pku|x, _ o'4 k|ljlw, O_ cf0fljs, h}ljs, o'4sf /f;folgs xltof/ . O{_ If]Kof:q k|ljlw, p_ vuf]n tyf cGt/LIf, pm_ cGt/LIf s]Gb| / cGt/LIf ofg, vuf]n / tf/fk'~h, C_ hLj/;fog M Snf]lgª; / 6]:66o'a a]aL .
!(_ ;}Go lj1fg M
c_ ;}Go lj1fg;DaGwL j}1flgs 1fg, cf_ o'4 / o'4snf .
@)_ g]kfnsf] e"uf]n M
s_ w/ftnLo k|b]z M lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO cflb . pkTosf, vf]+r -AofF;L_, b'g / 6f/ . gbL, vf]nf, tfn, s'08, kf]v/L, lxdtfn, lxdgbL cflb . xfjfkfgL . k|zf;lgs ljefhg M ;ª3, k|b]z, lhNnf, ufpF, gu/, dxfgu/ . hflt / hghflt M ltgLx¿sf] wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/f . hflt, hghfltsf] cfjf; If]q / cfjfbL . /fhgLlts If]qljefhgsf] Oltxf; / ;Qfsf] :jfy{ . hftLo / :yfgLo :jzf;gsf cfwf/df aGg;Sg] k|:tfljt k|b]zx¿ M lnDa'jfg, td'jfg, ldlynf, y?x6, tfD;flnª, ls/fFt, v;fg, du/ft, caw k|b]zx¿ / ltgsf] P]ltxfl;s cWoog .
@!_ ljZj / g]kfnsf] e"uf]n M
c_ k|fs[lt e"uf]n, cf_ /fhgLlts e"uf]n .
@@_ kf6L{ / kf6L{ ;ªu7gsf] l;4fGt M
s_ kf6L{sf] :j¿k, v_ g]t[Tj, u_ kf6L{ / df]rf{x¿sf] cGt;{DaGw, 3_ ˆo|fS;g, ª_ ;+o'Qm df]rf{, r_ kl/jf/ / kf6L{sf sfdsf larsf] cGt;{DaGw, 5_ kf6L{ z'4Ls/0f / ;'b[9Ls/0f, h_ n]lggjfbL ;ª7gfTds l;4fGt / xfd|f] k|of]u, em_ cfnf]rgf / cfTd–cfnf]rgf, `_ hgjfb, s]Gb|Lotf, cg'zf;g, cfrf/ ;+lxtf, 6_ hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotf / cg'zf;g .
@#_ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ M
c_ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] kl/ro / ljsf;sf] k[i7e"ld, cf_ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / ;fd|fHojfbL :jfy{, O_ ljZjsf k|d'v u}/;/sf/L ;+:yx¿ / g]kfndf ;lqmo k|d'v u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, O{_ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf lqmofsnfkn] /fli6«otf / hgtGqsf nflu ul/Psf ;ª3if{df kf/]sf] k|efj, p_ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ -Pglhcf] / cfOPglhcf]sf] e"ldsf / gofF hgjfbL cfGbf]ng .
@$_ kf7ok':tsx¿ M
dfS;{ / P~h]nsf ;ªslnt /rgf, n]lggsf ;ªslnt /rgf, :6flngsf /rgf, åGåfTds / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb, j}1flgs ;dfhjfb jf c/fhstfjfb, n]lggjfbsf ;d:ofx¿ -ljz]iftf_ / ;f]leot cy{tGqsf ;d:ofx¿ tyf dfcf]T;]t'ªsf ;ªslnt /rgfx¿, af]N;]les kf6L{sf] Oltxf; . dxfg ax; .
$
pRrtx
!= kf7oqmdsf] p2]Zo M
o; txsf kf7oqmdaf6 k|lzIffyL{n] lgDg lnlvt s'/fx¿ k|fKt ug{]5g M
s_ k|d'v zf:qLo dfS;{jfbL /rgfx¿sf] ljZn]if0ffTds 1fg, v_ bz{gzf:q, /fhgLlts cy{zf:q / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbaf/] ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog, u_ g]kfnL ;dfhsf k|d'v ;d:ofaf/] ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog, 3_ g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] pknlAw, sdhf]/L, ;d:of / ;Defjgfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug{] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug{], ª_ ljZjJofkL dxTjsf vf;–vf; ljifox¿ / r_ ljZjsf Oltxf;sf] ;ªlIfKt cWoog .
@= kf7oqmd M
o; txsf # v08 /xg]5g M
v08 !
o; v08df s]xL zf:qLo dfS;{jfbL /rgfx¿sf] ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog / bz{gzf:q, /fhgLlts cy{zf:q / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbaf/] ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog ug{'kg{]5 .
s_ s]xL k|d'v /rgfx¿
dfS;{ / Pªu]N; M
!_ sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ffkq . @_ k'FhL k|yd v08 . #_ k|mfG;df ju{;ª3if{ . $_ k|mfG;sf] u[xo'4 . %_ 8o'xl/ª dtv08g . ^_ kl/jf/ lghL;DklQ / /fHosf] pTklQ . &_ k|s[ltsf] åGåjfb . *_ dfS;{ Pªu]N;sf ;ªslnt /rgf .
n]lgg / :6flng M
!_ /fHo / qmflGt . @_ ef}ltsjfb / cg'ejl;4 cnf]rgf . #_ s] ug{] < $_ n]lggsf ;ªslnt /rgfx¿ . %_ :6flngsf /rgfx¿ . ^_ åGåfTds / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb, j}1flgs ;dfhjfb / c/fhstfjfb . &_ n]lggjfbsf ;d:ofx¿ / ;f]leot ;ª3sf cy{tGqsf ;d:ofx¿ / n]lggjfbsf cfwf/x¿ . *_ af]N;]les kf6L{sf] Oltxf; . (_ kf6L{ ;ªu7gsf l;4fGtx¿ . !)_ pu| jfdkGyL ;fDojfb M Ps afn/f]u . !!_ PskfOnf cufl8 b'O{ kfOnf k5fl8 . !@_ ;fd|fHojfb k'FhLjfbsf] k/fsfi7f / d/0ff;Gg cj:yf .
dfcf]T;]t'ª M
!_ cGtlj{/f]waf/] . @_ Jojxf/af/] . #_ hgtfsf lar cGtlj{/f]wx¿sf] ;xL kl/rfng . $_ bL3{sfnLg hgo'4af/] . %_ ;f]leot cy{tGqsf ;d:of . ^_ dfcf]T; 'ªsf ;ªslnt /rgfx¿ . &_ dxfg ax; .
v_ bz{gzf:q M
!= bz{gsf] pbo / d"ne"t If]q .
@= k|frLg k"jL{o bz{g M s_ tGqjfb, v_ j}z]lifs bz{gleqsf ljljw zfvfx¿, u_ h}g bz{g, 3_ af}4 bz{g, ª_ nf]sfot, r_ zfªVo bz{g cflb,
#= k|frLg lrlgofF nfcf]jfb .
$= k|frLg o'gfgL bz{g M s_ y]N;, v_ x]/flSnt', u_ l8df]qmt', 3_ k|mflG;; a]sg, ª_ yf]d; xA;, r_ hf]g ns, 5_ ?;f], h_ P cf] Xo'd, em_ b]sft{] -8]sf6{]_, `_ l88]/f], 6_ ODofg'cn sfG6, 7_ l:kgf]hf, cflb k'FhLjfbL kfZrfTo bz{gx¿sf] ljZn]0ffTds cWoog . %= lxu]nsf] k|ToojfbL åGåjfbsf] cfnf]rgfTds cWoog, ^= åGåfTds / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbsf k|sfzdf kmfo/afvsf ef}ltsjfbsf] ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog M &= dfS;{jfbL bz{sf] pbosf nflu j:t'ut cfwf/x¿ .
dfS;{jfb M s_ åGåfTds / P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb, v_ ef}ltsjfb / k|Toojfbdf cGt/, u_ åGåjfb / clwe"tjfbdf cGt/, 3_ r]tgf, ljrf/, kbfy{, ult, lbzf / sfnaf/] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL dfGotf . ª_ k|Toojfb / clwe"tjfbsf ljleGg If]qdf b]vfk/]sf bfz{lgs ljrf/x¿M != a'l4jfb, @= ts{a'l4jfb, #= c/fhstfjfb, $= cts{a'l4jfb, %= c1]ojfb, cflb . ^= å}tjfb, &= oflGqs ef}ltsjfb, *= cg'ejjfb / (= Jojxf/jfb .
r_ åGåjfbsf lgod M != cfwf/e"t lgod M ljk/Lt tTjsf] Pstf, @= åGåjfbsf k|ju{x¿ M s= dfqfaf6 u'0fdf / u'0faf6 dfqfdf kl/jt{g, v= lgif]wsf] lgif]w, u= c+z / k"0f{ 3_ ;Defjgf / oyfy{tf, ª_ lg/Gt/tf / cfl:dstf, r_ Joli6, ljz]if / ;dli6, 5_ 5nfª / qmdeªutf, h_ ¿k / ;f/, em_ afXo / cfGtl/s, `_ j:t'ut / cfTdut, 6_ cfef; / cGtj{:t', 7_ e"t b|Jo / ult, 8_ sfo{ / sf/0f, 9_ ;+of]u / ckl/xfo{tf, 0f_ ultzLntf / l:y/tf, t_ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf] 1fg l;4fGt, y_ åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf k|ju{x¿, b_ P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb, w_ P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbsf] If]q, g_ cfwf/ / pkl/;+/rgflarsf] cGt;{DaGw / cGtlj{/f]w, k_ pTkfbg ;DaGw / pTkfbg zlQmlar cGtlj{/f]w / cGtlg{e{/tf, km_ pTkfbg k|0ffnL, a_ ju{;ª3if{, e_ Oltxf; lgdf{0fdf hgtf, JolQm / g]t[Tjsf] e"ldsf, d_ ;dfhsf] ljsf;qmdsf] P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL JofVof, o_ j}1flgs ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfbsf] cWoog, /_ dfS;{jfbL bz{gdf n]lggsf] of]ubfg, n_ dfS;{jfbL bz{gdf dfcf]sf] of]ubfg, j_ jt{dfgdf rlr{t s]xL bfz{lgs ljrf/x¿, z_ k|mfo8jfb, if_ cl:tTjjfb, ;_ pQ/cfw'lgstfjfb, x_ /fhgLlts cy{zf:q M c_ /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] kl/efiff, cf_ /fhgLlts cy{zf:q / kf6L{sf] sfo{lbzfsf] ;DaGw, O_ /fhgLlts cy{zf:qdf dfS;{sf] of]ubfg, O{_ pTkfbg zlQm / pTkfbg ;DaGwsf lar cGtlj{/f]w, p_ ljleGg ;dfh Joj:yfx¿sf] pTyfg / ktgsf cfly{s sf/0fx¿, pm_ cltl/Qm d"No l;4fGt, C_ d'b|fsf] pbo tyf dfn / d'b|fsf] ;DaGw, P_ >d / k'FhLsf] cGt;{DaGw, P]_ k'FhLsf] s]Gb|Ls/0f / a]/f]huf/L, If_ dfNy;sf] hg;ªVof l;4fGt / k'FhLjfbL :jfy{, q_ ;j{xf/f ju{ / k'FhLjfb, 1_ k'FhLjfbL cltl/Qm pTkfbg / cfly{s ;ªs6, s_ ;fd|fHojfb, v_ k'FhL lgof{t / ljZj k|e'Tj, u_ pklgj]zjfb / ljZj ljefhgsf] xf]8, 3_ cGt/;fd|fHojfbL cGtlj{/f]w / clgjfo{ dxfo'4, ª_ ;fd|fHojfb / /fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ngx¿, r_ /fhsLo Psflwsf/ k'FhLjfb, 5_ ;f]leot ;+zf]wgjfb / ;fdflhs ;fd|fHojfb, h_ ;dfhjfbL cy{tGq .
v08–@
g]kfnL ;dfhsf ;d:of
s= g]kfnsf] cy{/fhgLlts Oltxf; M
c_ k|fu}ltxfl;s sfn M != uf]kfn j+zLo sfn, @= dlxifkfn j+zLo sfn #= ls/fFt sfn, $= ldlynf /fHo, %= zfSo /fHo .
^= lnR5lj sfn M
s_ ;'?jft, v_ ;fdGtjfbsf] :j¿k÷pTkfbg ;DaGw, u_ e"ld Joj:yf, 3_ /fHosf] :j¿k, 3_ j0f{Joj:yfsf] :j¿k / ;fF:s[lts l:ylt .
&= dNnsfn M
s_ lnR5ljx¿sf] k/fho / dNnsfnsf] ;'?jft, v_ afO;] rf}la;] /fHox¿sf] :yfkgf, u_ dNnsfndf pTkfbg ;DaGw, 3_ j0f{Joj:yfsf] l:ylt, ª_ j0f{Joj:yf / /fd zfx, r_ j0f{Joj:yf / ldlynf /fHo, 5_ j0f{Joj:yf / sf7df08f} pkTosf, h_ ;fF:s[lts l:ylt .
*= g]kfnsf] PsfTds / s]Gb|Ls[t zf;g k|0ffnL M cfw'lgs g]kfn M
s_ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] c;nL lxGb':yfg lgdf{0fsf] gf/f, v_ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] ;}Go ;+/rgf, u_ sLlt{k'/dfly cfqmd0f, 3_ cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] lj:tf/ cleofg / g]kfnsf] tfTsflns ;Ldfgf, ª_ PsLs[t / s]Gb|Ls[t /fHosf] :yfkgf / j0f{Joj:yfsf] lj:tf/, r_ PsfTds / s]Gb|Ls[t /fHoJoj:yf lj?4 ePsf ljleGg ljb|f]x M != bz lnDa'cfg ljb|f]x– kNnf] ls/fFt, @= lnDa" efiffdfly bdg –kNnf] ls/fFt, #= d'dL{ -tfdfª_ ljb|f]x– g'jfsf]6, $= vDa" ljb|f]x– ef]hk'/, %= u'?ª ljb|f]x ndh'ª, ^= nvg yfkf -du/_ ljb|f]x– uf]vf{, &= ;'klt u'?ª ljb|f]x– uf]vf{, *= ls/fFt cfGbf]ng– dfFem ls/fFt, (= lsk6 k|yf pGd"ngsf] lj/f]w – ls/fFt If]q .
5_ cªu|]h;Fu df}hfsf] lvrnf] / eLd;]g yfkf, h_ g]kfn cªu|]h o'4 / ;'uf}nL ;lGw -kqfrf/_, em_ c4{;fdGtL / c4{cf}klgj]zL Joj:yfsf] ;'?jft, `_ /f0ffsfn, 6_ ;fdGtjfbsf] rl/q÷e"ldJoj:yf÷pTkfbg ;DaGw, 7_ hªuaxfb'/ / g]kfn cªu|]h ;DaGw, 8_ gofF d'n's, d'n'sL P]g / e"ldJoj:yf, 9_ d'n'sL P]g / j0f{Joj:yf, 0f_ g]kfnsf vfgL / skf; v]tL aGb x'g] k|lqmof, t_ uf]vf{etL{ ;lGw, y_ bf; pGd"ng, b_ ;g !(%) sf] c;dfg ;lGw, w_ ljZjJofkL ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL cfGbf]ng / @))& sf] kl/jt{g, g_ lbNnL ;Demf}tf .
k_ @))& b]lv @)!& ;Ddsf] cj:yf M sf]zL / u08sL ;Demf}tf,
km_ k~rfotL sfn M != k~rfotL /fhgLlt, @= Pp6} efiff Pp6} e]ifsf] gf/f, #= lxGb"s/0fsf] gLlt, $= k~rfotlj/f]wL k|d'v /fhgLlts ;ª3if{, %= @)!* sf] g]kfnL sfªu|]; –;z:q ;ª3if{, ^= emfkf cfGbf]ng, &= @)#@ sf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng, *= @)#%÷)#^ sf] cfGbf]ng / hgdt ;ªu|x, (= k~rfot / e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmd, !)= @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng / /fhgLlts kl/jt{g .
a_ @)$^ b]lv @)%( ;Ddsf] g]kfnsf] /fhLlts ;fdflhs l:ylt M c= c;dfg ;lGw–;Demf}tfsf] lj/f]w M != ;'uf}nL ;lGw / To;;DaGwL b:tfa]h, @= uf]vf{etL{ s]Gb|;DaGwL ;lGw, #= ;g !(%) sf] c;dfg ;lGw, $= ;g !(^% sf] ;Demf}tf, %= ;g !(() h"g !) sf] lj1lKt, ^= sf]zL ;Demf}tf, &= u08sL ;Demf}tf, *= hgsk'/ ;lGw, (= 6gsk'/ ;lGw, !)= dxfsfnL ;lGw cflb .
e_ ljleGg ;d:ofx¿ M
!= g]kfnsf] blnt ;d:of, @= blnt ;d:ofsf] pTklQ, #= pkTosfdf blnt, $= ldlynfdf blnt, %= klZrd g]kfnsf v;/fHodf blnt, ^= lnR5la, hol:ylt dNn / /fdzfxsf /fHodf blnt gLlt, &= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] PsLs/0f / j0f{Joj:yfsf] lj:tf/, *= hghfltx¿df j0f{Joj:yfsf] k|efj, (= d'n'sL P]g / j0f{Joj:yf, !)= s]xL wfld{s ;'wf/sx¿ M s_ 1fglbg bf;, v_ of]udfof, u_ hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;+x, ª_ /0faxfb'/ zfx cflbsf k|of;x¿ .
d_ @))& sf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g / j0f{Joj:yfsf] l:ylt, o_ g]kfndf blnt hftLo ;ª3sf] Oltxf;, /_ k~rfot / blnt hftLo ;d:of, n_ @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng, j_ g]kfnsf] hgtflGqs cfGbf]ngdf blntx¿sf] of]ubfg, z_ @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg / blnt hftLo ;d:of, if_ g]kfnsf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ / blntx¿sf] k|Zg, ;_ blntx¿sf] s'n ;ªVof, x_ blnt / e"ld Joj:yf, If_ ljleGg s'k|yfx¿ / blnt, q_ /fHo;Qfleq blntx¿sf] kx'Fr, 1_ blntx¿sf] y/ / uf]q, c_ blnt hftLo ;d:of / sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng, cf_ OlG8ofdf blnt cfGbf]ngsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf;, O_ Hof]ltaf km'n] / dxfTdf ufGwLx¿sf dt, O{_ cDa]8s/ kGy / To;sf ;d:of, C_ blnt cfGbf]ngsf ljleGg ;}4flGts wf/x¿, P_ @)^@÷)^# sf] hgcfGbf]ng / blnt, P]_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfa, cf]_ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f ;~rflnt !) jif{] ;z:q åGåsf] ;dLIff, cf}_ & bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ lar ;DkGg a[xb zflGt ;Demf}tf, c+_ g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ lar ;DkGg a[xb zflGt ;Demf}tf, cM_ dw]zL cfGbf]ng, g]kfn ;/sf/ / dw]zjfbL bnx¿ larsf] ;Demf}tf .
o_ g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf ;d:of M
s_ kl/ro M !_ pbf/ gf/Ljfb, @_ ;fdflhs hgjfbL jf ;dfhjfbL gf/Ljfb, #_ pu|gf/Ljfb .
v_ pQ/cfw'lgs gf/Ljfb,
u_ o'/f]k cd]l/sfdf gf/LjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf;,
3_ cGt/f{li6 >lds gf/L lbj; .
ª_ g]kfndf gf/L d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;,
r_ k~rfot / ljsf;df dlxnf,
5_ k~rfotdf dlxnf;DaGwL sfo{qmd,
h_ k|ltlqmofjfbn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] g]kfnL dlxnf ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff,
em_ g]kfnL dlxnfsf ;d:of,
`_ g]kfnL dlxnfd'lQm cfGbf]ngsf k|d'v ;d:of,
6_ dlxnfd'lQmsf ;DaGwdf dfS;{jfb,
7_ sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng / dlxnfd'lQm,
o_ g]kfnL hghftL ;d:of M
s= ;fdfGo M
/_ /fi6«÷hflt / hftLo ;d"x, hghflt, cflbaf;L cflbsf] kl/efiff / ltgsf nflu cªu|]hL zAb / ltgsf cy{df g]kfndf ePsf] e|d .
/fi6«Lo÷hftLo cfGbf]ng;DaGwL ljZjsf] P]ltxfl;s ¿k/]vf / k'FhLjfbL qmflGt,
/fli6«o÷hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ng;DaGwL k'FhLjfbL cjwf/0ff .
dfS;{jfbL n]lggjfbLx¿sf] /fli6«o÷hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf of]ubfg,
/fli6«o÷hftLo d'lQm cfGbf]ngaf/] dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f÷jfb, ljZjsf hNbfaNbf hftLo ;d:of,
k'FhLjfbL / ;fdflhs hgjfbL b[li6sf]0fsf cfwf/df hftLo ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ul/Psf k|oTgx¿,
tfTsflns sDo'lgi6 /fHox¿ ;f]leot ?; / rLgn] u/]sf k|oTgx¿,
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / :yfgLo :jzf;gsf] clwsf/,
v= g]kfnsf hghfltx¿ M
hghfltsf] ;ªVof / a;f]af;,
hghfltsf efiff / ;+:s[ltdfly ;fdGtL bdg,
cfw'lgs g]kfn lgdf{0fkZrft ljleGg hghfltsf ljb|f]xx¿,
!= bz lnDa'jfg ljb|f]x– kNnf] ls/fFt,
@=lnDa' efiffdfly bdg– kNnf] ls/fFt,
#= d'dL{ -tfdfª\_ ljb|f]x– g'jfsf]6
$= vDa'jfg ljb|f]x– ef]hk'/
%= u'?ª ljb|f]x– nDh'ª
nvg yfkf -du/_ ljb|f]x– uf]vf{
&= ;'klt u'?ª ljb|f]x– uf]vf{
*= ls/fFt cfGbf]ng– dfFem ls/fFt,
(= lsk6 k|yf pGd"ngsf] lj/f]w– ls/fFt,
hghfltsf] /fHosf ljleGg If]qdf kx'Fr,
g]kfnsf] hgtflGqs cfGbf]ngdf hghfltx¿sf] of]ubfg,
hghflt cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;,
ljleGg hghflt ;ªu7gx¿sf] kl/ro / gLlt
@)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg / hghflt;DaGwL k|Zg
g]kfnsf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] hghflt;DaGwL gLlt,
hghfltsf] cfGbf]ng / sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng,
cfTdlg0f{osf] l;4fGtsf cfwf/df cljefHo / cv08 ;ª3Lo /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf,
dhb"/ cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf; / k|d'v dhb"/ ;ª3if{x¿,
g]kfnL 6«]8 o'lgog cfGbf]gsf] Oltxf; / k|d'v dhb"/ ;ª3if{x¿
6«]8 o'lgog / sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x¿,
cf}Bf]lus ;j{xf/f, c4{;j{xf/f / nDk6 ;j{xf/f ju{ cflbsf] kl/ro,
g]kfnL dhb"/sf] rl/q,
g]kfndf dhb"/sf] a]/f]huf/Lsf sf/0f,
g]kfnL dhb"/ / ljZjJofkf/ ;ªu7g -8An'l6cf]_,
js{ k/ld6sf] k|Zg,
g]kfnL dhb"/ / c;dfg ;lGwx¿,
dO{ @) -lj;_,
dhb"/ ;d:of / s[lif qmflGtsf aLr cGt;{DaGw,
dhb"/ ;d:of / sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng,
/_ g]kfnL ls;fgsf ;d:of M
ljZj ls;fg ;ª3if{sf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf;,
g]kfnL ls;fgsf] cj:yf,
g]kfnL ls;fgleq ju{,
ul/a, wgL, lgDg dWod, dWod ls;fg / ltgsf] rl/q,
u|fdL0f ;j{xf/f / ltgsf] rl/q,
hdLgsf ;d:ofx¿,
l;+rfOsf ;d:of,
zLte08f/, lap, ahf/ / dnvfbsf ;d:of,
ls;fg / ¿l9jfb,
g]kfnL ls;fg cfGbf]ng / ;ªu7gsf] ;d:of,
g]kfnL ls;fg / c;dfg ;lGwx¿,
g]kfnL ls;fg / ;fdGtjfbL zf]if0fsf ljljw ¿k,
g]kfnL ls;fg / ;fd|fHojfb,
g]kfnL ls;fg / ljZjJofkf/ ;ªu7g,
g]kfnL ls;fg / gofF hgjfbL qmflGt,
g]kfnL ls;fg cfGbf]ngsf k|d'v k|j[lQx¿,
jt{dfg k|ltufdL e"ld P]g / e"ld cfof]u,
n= g]kfndf t/fOaf;L ;d'bfosf ;d:of M
efiff, ;+:s[ltsf ;d:of / g]kfn PsLs/0fsf] k|efj,
j= g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng M
s_ :yfkgfb]lv t];|f] dxflwj]zg;Dd,
g]skfsf] u7gsf] k[i7e"ld,
;+:yfks / :yfkgf ldlt ljjfb,
k|yd /fli6«o ;Dd]ng @))*,
k|yd dxflwj]zgsf d'2fx¿,
bf];|f] dxflwj]zg / sfo{qmd;DaGwL wf/0ff / ;d:of,
/fhfk/:t / sfªu|];k/:t k|j[lQ / To;sf lj?4 ;ª3if{sf] dxTj,
b/eªuf Kn]gd,
t];|f] dxflwj]zg / /fli6«o k|hftflGqs sfo{qmd,
v= t];|f] dxflwj]zgkl5 kf6L{ k'gu{7gsf] k|oTg,
k'iknfnsf] k|oTg,
@)@% sf] uf]/vk'/ ;Dd]ng,
k'iknfn ;d"xdf km'6,
sDo'lgi6 Pstf ;ª3if{ ;ldltsf] u7g,
;j{xf/fjfbL qmflGtsf/L ;ªu7g, g]skf / g]dlskfsf] u7g,
d'lQmdf]rf{ ;d"xsf] lgdf{0f,
cf_ s]Gb|Lo Go'lSno;sf] kf6L{ k'gu{7gsf] k|oTg / Go'lSno;sf] ljefhg,
@)#! ;fnsf] rf}yf] dxflwjzg,
rf}yf] dxflwj]zgdf km'6,
g]skf -d;fn_ sf] u7g,
g]skf rf}dsf] u7g,
g]skf -d;fn_ df klg km'6,
g]skf -dzfn_ sf] u7g,
dgdf]xgsf g]t[Tjdf csf{ ;d"xsf] u7g,
O_ dgdf]xgn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;d"x / ;fxgfn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;d"xlar PsLs/0f M g]skf -dfS;{jfbL_ sf] u7g,
O{_ sf]cl8{g]zg s]Gb|sf] k|oTg M
@)#% ;fndf g]skf -dfn]_ sf] u7g,
g]skf -dfn]_ / g]skf -dfS;{jfbL_ lar PsLs/0f M g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] u7g,
g]skf -Pdfn]_ df km'6,
g]skf Pdfn]af6 km'6]/ g]skf -dfn]_ sf] u7g,
g]skf dfS;{jfbLsf] k'glg{df0f,
p_ g]dls ;ªu7gdf km'6– /f]lxt / ¿knfn ;d"x u7g,
g]dls ;ªu7g ¿knfn ;d"x / ;j{xf/f sDo'lgi6 nLusf lar PsLs/0f M ;j{xf/jfbL >lds ;ªu7gsf] lgdf{0f,
p_ g]skf -dzfn_, g]skf -rf}d_, ;j{xf/fjfbL >lds ;ªu7g, g]skf -d;fn_ af6 cnu ePsf] zLtns'df/n] g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;d"x, g]skf -hgd'vL_ cflbsf] PsLs/0f / g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|_ sf] u7g,
C_ g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|_ df km'6 M g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|_ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] u7g,
P_ g]skf -dfn]df_ sf] u7g, g]skf -dfn]df s]Gb|_ df kl/0ft,
g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|_ / g]skf -d;fn_ lar PsLs/0f M g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn_ sf] lgdf{0f,
g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn_ df km'6 M g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn_ g]skf -d;fn_ / g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn_ dxflwj]zg cfof]hs ;dGjo ;ldltsf] u7g,
g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn_ dxflwj]zg cfof]hs ;dGjo ;ldlt / g]skf -tby{_ lar / Pstf g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldlt_ sf] u7g,
g]skf -Pstf s]Gb|–d;fn, s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldlt_ g]skf -dfn]_ / g]skf -dfn]df s]Gb|_ lar PsLs/0f g]skf -PsLs[t_ sf] u7g,
g]skf -PsLs[t_ sf] k|oTg M
ljljw M
s_ /fodfemL, dfgGw/ ;d"xsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf;,
v_ t];|f] dxflwj]zgåf/f kfl/t /fli6«o k|hftGqsf] sfo{qmd,
u_ uf]/vk'/ ;Dd]ngåf/f kfl/t gofF hgjfbL sfo{qmd, dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/sf] ;dy{g / v|'Zrf]j ;+zf]gjfbsf] lj/f]w,
3_ s]Gb|Lo Go'lSno; / PsLs[t rf}yf] dxflwj]zg M e"ldsf, of]ubfg / o;leqsf ;d:of,
ª_ emfkf cfGbf]ng, sf] cl8{gzg s]Gb| -dfn]_ / g]skf -dfn]_ sf] u7g,
r_ g]skf dfS;{jfbL / g]skf, g]skf -dfn]_ lar PsLs/0f,
5_ g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng M /fhfk/:t / sfªu|];k/:t tyf blIf0fkGyL / pu|jfdkGyL cj;/jfb lj/f]wL ;ª3if{,
h_ g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng / qmflGtsf] af6f],
em_ g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf cfwf/e"t ;d:of
`_ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] dfcf]jfb, k|r08ky / @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfb,
6_ g]skf -PsLs[t_ sf b:tfj]hx¿,
7_ g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng;Fu ;fldKo / ;ª3if{,
8_ dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f / dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb dfcf]jfblarsf] cGtlj{/f]w,
dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb dfcf]T;]t'ª ljrf/wf/f tyf ax'bnLo hgjfb larsf] cGtlj{/f]w .
v08 #
o; v08df s'g} lglZrt dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog ul/g]5 . h:t} M !_ ;+:s[lt / ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt, @_ ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng, #_ ;+zf]wgjfb, $_ pbf/jfb / ljZjJofkLs/0f, %_ ;f}Gbo{zf:q, ^_ k'FhLjfbL cy{zf:q, &_ /fhgLlts ljrf/sf] Oltxf;, *_ wd{, (_ ;+o'Qm df]rf{, !)_ dfS;{jfbL n]lggjfbL l;4fGtsf] /Iffsf] k|Zg, !!_ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª3sf 3f]if0ffkq / k|d'v dxf;lGwx¿, !@_ ljZjsf gjLgtd vf]hx¿ / ;dfhjfb, !#_ Joj:yfkg cflb . -cfjZostfg';f/ yk ljifo ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg]5 ._
!_ ;+:s[lt / ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt M
c_ cflTds -af}l4s_ ;+:s[lt / ef}ltsjfbL ;+:s[lt,
cf_ ;+:s[lt;DaGwL ljleGg dfGotfx¿,
O_ ;+:s[ltaf/] dfS;{jfbL cjwf/0ff,
O{_ dfgjsf k|d'v ljz]iftf,
p_ ;+:s[ltsf] juL{o :j¿k,
pm_ ;+:s[ltsf] cjuL{o :j¿k,
C_ dfgsx¿,
P_ ;+:s[lt dfgj r]tgfsf :t/sf] Bf]ts,
P]_ ;+:s[ltsf sfo{ef/x¿,
cf]_ ;+:s[ltsf] ¿kfGt/0f k|lqmof,
cf}_ ljleGg ;Dotfdf ;+:s[ltsf ljsf;sf k|lqmof,
c+_ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt,
cM_ ;f+:s[lts qmflGtaf/] dfS;{,
s_ ;+:s[ltaf/] n]lgg / :6flngsf ljrf/x¿,
v_ rLgdf ;j{xf/fjfbL ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] p2]Zo / k[i7e"ld,
u_ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf k|d'v b:tfa]hx¿,
3_ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf 36gfqmdx¿,
ª_ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt dfcf]ljrf/wf/fsf] pTsif{,
r_ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGtsf] cleGg cªu,
cfjZostfg';f/ cGo ljifosf] kf7o;fdu|L kl5 yk ug{;lsg]5 .
%_ cg';Gwfg tx M
o; txdf s'g} klg ljifosf] uxg cWoog, cg';GwfgfTds sfo{ ug{ / ;DalGwt ljifodf ;dfnf]rgfTds / vf]hd"ns Ifdtf clea[l4 ug{÷u/fpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] . h;sf nflu zf]wfyL{nfO{ @ tl/sfn] ;xof]u k'¥ofOg]5 . k|yd, s'g} 7f]; ljifoj:t'df lj:t[t / ;dfnf]rgfTds Ifdtf a[l4 u/fpg] k|sf/sf] k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf u/]/ tyf låtLo, ;dsfnLg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf ljsl;t gofF 1fg, cg'ej / 36gfx¿sf cWoog u/L ltgsf] ;ªsng / k|rf/ ul/g]5 .
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